Fig. 9.

Running exercise reduced the immunoactivity of CD68 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. a Representative immunofluorescence staining of ThioS (green), CD68 (red), and IBA1 (purple) in the hippocampus of WT_Sed, AD_Sed, WT_Run, and AD_Run mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. b Quantification results of the ratio of CD68⁺/IBA1⁺ microglia in the DG, CA1, and CA3 regions of WT_Sed, AD_Sed, WT_Run, and AD_Run mice. c Quantification results of the ratio of the CD68/IBA1-positive area around Aβ plaques (≤ 15 μm) in the hippocampus of AD_Sed and AD_Run mice. n = 3. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001