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. 2022 Feb 5;20:69. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01278-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — a The preparation and action mechanism of NH₂-MIL-88b (Fe) in cancer cells [35]. b The apoptosis of cancer cells (A375 and HeLa) and normal cells (HUVEC) induced by synergistic therapy. Reproduced with permission. [35]

Copyright 2020, WILEY–VCH. c The synthesis process of MD@Lip and the action mechanism of MD@Lip in cancer cells [38]. d The tumor volume and body weights of mice during 14-day treatment. Reproduced with permission. [38] Copyright 2019, WILEY–VCH. e The preparation process of PYSNPs and PHNPs and the mechanism of pH-activated PYSNPs releasing Fe [41]. f The relative tumor volume and survival curves of mice after different treatments. Reproduced with permission. [41] Copyright 2019, WILEY–VCH