Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Neurocognitive Characteristics in the Study Sample
| Controls, mean (SD) | TBI-A, mean (SD) | t or χ2 value | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 35 (M:18, F:17) | 31 (M:16, F:15) | 0.0002 (χ2) | 0.988 |
| Age | 13.83 (1.29) | 14.13 (1.69) | −0.817 | 0.417 |
| Ethnicity/race | 0.2418 (χ2) | 0.886 | ||
| Caucasian | 25 | 23 | ||
| Hispanic | 6 | 4 | ||
| Others | 4 | 4 | ||
| Socioeconomic status | 32.00 (3.70) | 31.16 (4.16) | 0.872 | 0.387 |
| Full scale IQ | 115.08 (11.27) | 111.13 (12.59) | 1.348 | 0.183 |
| Conners 3rd Edition-Parent Short Form (T-score) | ||||
| Inattention | 45.97 (5.86) | 70.52 (7.32) | −18.031 | <0.001 |
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity | 48.31 (5.55) | 62.00 (14.08) | −6.546 | <0.001 |
| CogState Brief Neurocognitive Testing Battery | ||||
| Groton Maze Learning Test | 106.34 (4.76) | 105.58 (4.71) | 0.653 | 0.516 |
| Detection | 100.54 (6.02) | 101.39 (4.96) | −0.617 | 0.540 |
| Identification | 102.17 (5.25) | 100.39 (6.68) | 1.213 | 0.230 |
| One Card Learning | 101.34 (7.36) | 100.16 (7.53) | 0.644 | 0.522 |
| One Back (Speed) | 92.63 (9.18) | 93.58 (10.61) | −0.391 | 0.697 |
| One Back (Accuracy) | 101.77 (6.94) | 104.55 (8.20) | −1.490 | 0.141 |
F, females; IQ, intelligence quotient; M, males; N, no. of subjects; SD, standard deviation; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TBI-A, TBI attention deficit.