(a).

PRRs	Localization	PAMP recognized	Key adaptors	Effector response
TLRs
TLR1	Cell surface	Triacylated lipopeptides	MyD88	IL-6, TNF-α
TLR2	Cell surface	Di/triacylated lipopeptides	MyD88, TIRAP	IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, RANETS
TLR3	Endosomes	dsRNA	TRIF	IFN-β
TLR4	Cell surface	LPS	MyD88, TRIF, TIRAP, TRAM	IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β, IP-10
TLR5	Cell surface	Flagellin	MyD88	TNF-α
TLR6	Cell surface	Diacylated lipopeptides	MyD88, TIRAP	TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES
TLR7	Endosomes	ssRNA	MyD88	IFN-α
TLR8	Endosomes	ssRNA	MyD88	IFN-α
TLR9	Endosomes	CpG DNA	MyD88	IFN-α
TLR11	Endosomes	Profilin, flagellin	MyD88	IL-12, TNF-α
TLR12	Endosomes	Profilin	MyD88	IL-12p40, IFN-α
TLR13	Endosomes	23s rRNA	MyD88	IL-6, IL-12p40