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. 2022 Feb 5;14:58. doi: 10.1007/s40820-021-00784-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — TMDs-based artificial synapse. a Vertical Cu/MoS₂/Au memristors based on conductive filaments formation. b Typical I–V curve of resistive switching. c Schematics of the cumulative area change of Cu filaments causing LRS to HRS transition. d Bipolar and analog switching characteristic as an artificial synapse. e Demonstration of STDP behavior.

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright 2019, Nano Letters. f Structure of Ag/ZrO2/WS2/Pt memristor device. g I − V characteristics of Ag/ZrO2/WS2/Pt heterostructure. h Schematic of the SET and RESET process. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [111]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. i Illustration of the ion dynamics in Ag/SnS/Pt memristor. j Ultrafast switching curve of the device with 4 V/1.5 ns voltage pulse. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [140]. Copyright 2021, Nano Letters. k Schematic of Pd/WS₂/Pt memristor operated by atomic-vacancy formation and migration. l TEM images of WS₂ films in the LRS. m Line profile for W atoms; the upper (HRS) and lower images (LRS). n Pulse modulation by changing input voltage amplitude. o Response currents for pulse trains of 4 different frequencies (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 MHz). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [112]. Copyright 2019, Small (Color figure online)