Table 1.
Key characteristics of the include studies
| Authors and year | Country | Setting | Study design | Sample size | Age (years) | Measurement of depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-country studies | ||||||
| Fekadu et al. 2017 [28] | Ethiopia | PHC | Cross sectional | 1014 | > 18 | PHQ-9 > 5 and PHQ-9 > 10 |
| Sweileh et al. 2014 [22] | Palestine | PHC, diabetic clinic | Cross sectional | 294 | > 18 | BDI ≥ 16 |
| Udedi et al. 2014 [29] | Malawi | PHC | Cross sectional | 350 | > 18 | SCID |
| Kauye et al. 2014 [30] | Malawi | PHC | Cluster RCT | 837 | > 16 | SCID |
| Ogunsemi et al. 2010 [31] | Nigeria | PHC | Cross sectional | 412 | 18–90 | PHQ-9 > 5 |
| Ayinde et al. 2018 [23] | Nigeria | PHC | Cross sectional | 2986 | M = 25 (sd = 6.2) | EPDS ≥ 10 |
| Pal et al. 2018 [32] | India | PHC | Cross sectional | 335 | 18–65 | Psychiatrist |
| Multi-country studies | ||||||
| Rathod et al. 2018 [27] | India | CHC | Cross sectional | 760 | > 18 | PHQ-9 > 10 |
| Nepal | HP and PHC | Cross sectional | 1474 | >16 | PHQ-9 > 10 | |
| South Africa | CHC and PHC | Cross sectional | 1322 | > 18 | PHQ-9 > 10 | |
| Uganda | PHC and district hospital | Cross sectional | 1893 | > 18 | PHQ-9 > 10 | |
| Üstün, 1995 [26] | Turkey | PHC | Cohort | 1307 | 15–65 | CIDI |
Abbreviations: BDI Beck Depression Inventory, CHC Community Health Centre, CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, HPt Health Post, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, RCT randomized clinical trial, SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, M mean, SD standard deviation