Figure 5. Spatial analysis of tumor cells expressing p-ERK and their associated myeloid cells.

a, Cartoon representing distances from TMEM119⁺ and CD163⁺ cells to SOX2⁺ p-ERK⁺/p-ERK⁻ cells. b,c, Bar plots comparing the mean distances from TMEM119⁺ (b) and CD163⁺ (c) cells to SOX2⁺ p-ERK⁺/p-ERK⁻ cells in high- versus low-p-ERK tumors. Dots represent tumor samples (n = 13 tumors). d, Representative multiplex immunofluorescence images illustrating spatial dimensions between TMEM119⁺ cells and SOX2⁺ p-ERK⁺ in a high- and a low-p-ERK GBM. The experiment was done in 13 tumor samples in one standardized run per patient. e, Cartoon representing distances from CD163⁺ cells to GFAP⁺ p-ERK⁺/p-ERK⁻ cells. f, Bar plots comparing mean distances from CD163⁺ cells to GFAP⁺ p-ERK⁺/p-ERK⁻ cells in high- versus low-p-ERK tumors. Dots represent tumor samples (n = 6 tumors). g, Representative multiplex immunofluorescence images illustrating spatial dimensions between CD163⁺ cells and GFAP⁺ p-ERK⁺ in a high- (left) and a low-p-ERK GBM (right). The experiment was performed on six tumor samples in one standardized run per patient. P values by two-tailed unpaired t-test (b,c,f). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (b,c,f).