Table 2. Characteristics of DME and CSME in Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study.
| Characteristics | DME |
CSME |
||||
| Absent | Present | P | Absent | Present | P | |
| Male | 681 (42.5) | 104 (35.6) | 0.03 | 727 (42.1) | 58 (34.9) | 0.07 |
| Education | 0.046 | 0.06 | ||||
| Primary or lower | 246 (15.7) | 39 (13.6) | 261 (15.4) | 24 (14.6) | ||
| Middle/high school | 1082 (69.1) | 219 (76.0) | 1175 (69.6) | 126 (76.8) | ||
| College and above | 237 (15.2) | 30 (10.4) | 253 (15.0) | 14 (8.6) | ||
| Monthly income (CNY) | 0.10 | 0.09 | ||||
| <3000 | 571 (36.6) | 122 (43.0) | 619 (36.8) | 74 (45.1) | ||
| 3000-5000 | 913 (58.5) | 152 (53.5) | 980 (58.3) | 85 (51.8) | ||
| ≥5000 | 77 (4.9) | 10 (3.5) | 82 (4.9) | 5 (3.1) | ||
| Current smoker | 358 (22.9) | 49 (17.1) | 0.03 | 378 (22.4) | 29 (17.7) | 0.16 |
| Current drinker | 364 (23.3) | 47 (16.4) | 0.01 | 382 (22.7) | 29 (17.7) | 0.14 |
| Diabetes treatment | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| No treatment | 244 (15.7) | 14 (4.9) | 253 (15.1) | 5 (3.1) | ||
| Oral | 998 (64.3) | 137 (47.7) | 1061 (63.3) | 74 (45.1) | ||
| Insulin | 311 (20.0) | 136 (47.4) | 362 (21.6) | 85 (51.8) | ||
| Proteinuria | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Negative | 1118 (70.0) | 151 (51.9) | 1183 (68.6) | 86 (52.1) | ||
| + | 169 (10.6) | 49 (16.8) | 190 (11.0) | 28 (17.0) | ||
| ++ | 79 (4.9) | 30 (10.3) | 89 (5.2) | 20 (12.1) | ||
| +++ | 19 (1.2) | 22 (7.6) | 29 (1.7) | 12 (7.3) | ||
| ++++ and above | 212 (13.3) | 39 (13.4) | 232 (13.5) | 19 (11.5) | ||
| Age (y) | 62.1±8.8 | 59.6±8.3 | <0.001 | 61.8±8.8 | 60.2±8.2 | 0.02 |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 6.7±5.4 | 11.8±6.5 | <0.001 | 7.0±5.5 | 12.4±6.8 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.1±3.1 | 10.9±4.4 | <0.001 | 9.2±3.3 | 10.5±4.2 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6±1.9 | 8.6±2.2 | <0.001 | 7.7±2.0 | 8.4±1.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5±3.4 | 26.2±3.3 | 0.22 | 26.5±3.4 | 26.1±3.3 | 0.21 |
| WHR | 0.96±0.07 | 0.97±0.06 | 0.15 | 0.96±0.07 | 0.97±0.06 | 0.12 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 146.6±23.2 | 152.3±23.2 | <0.001 | 147.0±23.3 | 151.9±22.6 | 0.01 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 77.2±11.2 | 78.2±12.3 | 0.19 | 77.3±11.4 | 77.5±11.4 | 0.9 |
| BUA (µmol/L) | 309.7±87.5 | 308.6±86.8 | 0.84 | 310.0±87.5 | 305.1±86.8 | 0.49 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95±0.21 | 0.98±0.27 | 0.08 | 0.95±0.21 | 1.01±0.28 | 0.01 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.16±3.35 | 6.65±2.21 | 0.001 | 6.19±3.28 | 6.69±2.24 | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.46±1.22 | 5.83±1.37 | <0.001 | 5.48±1.23 | 5.86±1.43 | 0.001 |
| Total triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.16±1.55 | 2.45±2.11 | 0.02 | 2.19±1.64 | 2.36±1.83 | 0.26 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.20±0.89 | 3.43±1.12 | <0.001 | 3.21±0.90 | 3.46±1.19 | 0.01 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.47±0.38 | 1.53±0.32 | 0.01 | 1.47±0.37 | 1.54±0.34 | 0.03 |
DME: Diabetic macular edema; CSME: Clinically significant macular edema; CNY: China Yuan; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist/hip ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BUA: Blood uric acid; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein.
n (%)