Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta‐analysis for prevalence of depression in sarcopenia
| First author and year | Country and region | Study region | Study site | Study design | BMI (mean) | Sample size | No. of depression | Prevalence | Mean age (years) | Sarcopenia diagnosis standard | Criteria (assessment method to detect sarcopenia) | Depression diagnosis standard | Cut‐off value for depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endo (2021) | Japan | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 20.1 | 30 | 12 | 0.4 | 80 | AWGS 2014 | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (5mGS) | SDS | 40 |
| Kitamura (2021) | Japan | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 21.4 | 105 | 31 | 0.295 | 78 | AWGS (2019) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (5mGS) | GDS‐15 | 5 |
| Kitamura (2021) | Japan | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 21.4 | 156 | 66 | 0.425 | 78 | AWGS (2019) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (5mGS) | GDS‐15 | 5 |
| Olgun Yazar (2019) | Turkey | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 27.5 | 50 | 32 | 0.64 | 75 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (4mGS) | GDS | 11 |
| Kilavuz (2018) | Turkey | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | Unknown | 40 | 13 | 0.325 | 72 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (MC) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (6mGS) | GDS‐15 | 5 |
| Szlejf (2018) | Brazil | America | Community | Cross‐sectional | 27 | 114 | 10 | 0.087 | 61 | FNIH Sarcopenia Project criteria | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) | B‐CIS‐R | Unknown |
| Hayashi (2019) | Japan | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 21 | 41 | 18 | 0.439 | 72.5 | AWGS (2014) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (5mGS) | GDS‐15 | 6 |
| Wang (2018) | China | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 23.9 | 61 | 11 | 0.18 | 69 | AWGS (2014) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (6mGS) | GDS‐15 | 5 |
| Sugimoto (2016) | Japan | Asia | Clinic | Cross‐sectional | 19.6 | 88 | 36 | 0.409 | 80 | AWGS (2014) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (TUG) | GDS‐15 | 6 |
| Ishii (2016) | Japan | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | Unknown | 64 | 17 | 0.266 | 77 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (5mGS) | GDS‐15 | 6 |
| Ishii (2016) | Japan | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | Unknown | 236 | 26 | 0.11 | 77 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (5mGS) | GDS‐15 | 6 |
| Huang (2015) | Taiwan, China | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 24.7 | 50 | 4 | 0.08 | 77 | AWGS (2014) | LMM (DEXA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (6mGS) | CES‐D | 16 |
| Alexandre (2014) | Brazil | America | Community | Cross‐sectional | 21 | 266 | 36 | 0.135 | 70 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (DEXA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (2.4mGS) | GDS‐15 | 6 |
| Hsu (2014) | Taiwan, China | Asia | Community | Cross‐sectional | 20.9 | 109 | 32 | 0.298 | 84 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (BIA) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (6mGS) | GDS‐15 | 6 |
| Landi (2012) | Italy | Europe | Community | Cross‐sectional | 23.8 | 66 | 20 | 0.3 | 87 | EWGSOP (2010) | LMM (MC) + LMS (HGS) + LPP (4mGS) | DSM | unknown |
Abbreviations: AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; B‐CIS‐R, Brazilian version of the Clinical Interview Scheduled Revised; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; CES‐D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; FNIH, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GS: gait speed; HGS, handgrip strength; LMM, lower muscle mass; LMS, lower muscle strength; LPP, lower physical performance; MC, muscle circumference; TUG, timed up and go test; SDS, Self‐rating Depression Scale.