Table 1.

Demographic data of study participants

Variable	Elders without sarcopenia (n = 24)	Elders with sarcopenia (n = 24)	Young adults (n = 24)	P value (two groups) a	P value (three groups) b
Age (mean ± SD, years)	79.0 ± 5.9	79.4 ± 6.2	29.3 ± 4.3	0.7483 c	<0.0001 d
Sex				1.0000	0.7985
Male	10 (41.7)	10 (41.7)	12 (50.0)
Female	14 (58.3)	14 (58.3)	12 (50.0)
Smoking status				0.3412 e	0.0508 e
Never	15 (62.5)	18 (75.0)	22 (91.7)
Quitted	9 (37.5)	5 (20.8)	2 (8.3)
Smoking	0 (0.0)	1 (4.2)	0 (0.00)
Co‐morbidity
Hypertension	23 (95.8)	15 (62.5)	0 (0.0)	0.0045	<0.0001
Hyperlipidaemia	12 (50.0)	9 (37.5)	2 (8.3)	0.3827	0.0064
Diabetes mellitus	11 (45.8)	11 (45.8)	0 (0.0)	1.0000	0.0004
Coronary artery disease	8 (33.3)	4 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	0.1824	0.0045 e
Stroke	8 (33.3)	10 (41.7)	0 (0.0)	0.5510	0.0020
Medication
Aspirin	11 (45.8)	12 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0.7726	0.0002
Beta‐blockers	8 (33.3)	2 (8.3)	0 (0.0)	0.0330	0.0026 e
Calcium channel blockers	14 (58.3)	6 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	0.0192	<0.0001
ACEIs or ARBs	16 (66.7)	12 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0.2416	<0.0001
Metformin	5 (20.8)	6 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	0.7313	0.0328 e
Sulfonylureas	7 (29.2)	7 (29.2)	0 (0.0)	1.0000	0.0071 e
Thiazolidinediones	3 (12.5)	2 (8.3)	0 (0.0)	1.0000 e	0.3580 e
Acarbose	0 (0.0)	2 (8.3)	0 (0.0)	0.4894 e	0.3239 e
Repaglinide	0 (0.0)	1 (4.2)	0 (0.0)	1.0000 e	1.0000 e
Statins	7 (29.2)	8 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	0.7555	0.0082

ACEIs, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; SD, standard deviation.

^a Elders without sarcopenia vs. elders with sarcopenia.

^b Among elders without sarcopenia, elders with sarcopenia, and young adults.

^c Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test.

^d Kruskal–Wallis test.

^e Fisher's exact test.