Table 2.
Mixed-effects models for the association of subjective sleep with next day cognitive functioning
| Outcome | Model | Predictor | B | 95% CI | p value | Adj p value | Overall P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective cognition | |||||||
| Mobile color-word interference test (mCWIT), seconds to complete* | 1 | Subjective total sleep time | – | – | .73 | .73 | |
| 2 | Subjective sleep restfulness | −.001 | −.004, .002 | .36 | – | ||
| Mobile verbal learning test (mVLT), total correct | 3 | Subjective total sleep time | – | – | .65 | – | |
| 4 | Subjective sleep restfulness | .082 | −.046, .211 | .21 | – | ||
| Subjective cognition | |||||||
| Forgetfulness | 5§ | Subjective total sleep time 0–3 | .246 | .125, .367 | < .001 | < .001 | |
| Subjective total sleep time 4–6 | .066 | .008, .125 | .03 | .051 | |||
| Subjective total sleep time 8–10 | −.048 | −.110, .015 | .13 | .15 | |||
| Subjective total sleep time 10 + | .140 | −.050, .331 | .15 | .15 | < .001 | ||
| Total number of sleep meds | .285 | −.050, .619 | .10 | ||||
| BDI-II | .041 | .026, .057 | < .001 | ||||
| LT any substance use (ref. no) | .173 | −077, .422 | .18 | ||||
| 6 | Subjective sleep restfulness | −.011 | −.022, −.001 | .03 | .03 | ||
| Total number of sleep meds | .272 | −.063, .607 | .12 | ||||
| BDI-II | .041 | .026, .057 | < .001 | – | |||
| LT any substance use (ref. no) | .174 | −.076, .424 | .18 | ||||
| Difficulty concentrating | 7§ | Subjective total sleep time 0–3 | .288 | .152, .424 | < .001 | < .001 | |
| Subjective total sleep time 4–6 | .070 | .004, .135 | .04 | .074 | |||
| Subjective total sleep time 8–10 | −.038 | −.108, .031 | .28 | .37 | |||
| Subjective total sleep time 10 + | .006 | −.206, .219 | .95 | .95 | |||
| Total number of sleep meds | .348 | .039, .656 | .03 | < 0.001 | |||
| BDI-II | .048 | .034, .062 | < .001 | ||||
| LT any substance use (ref. no) | .223 | −.007, .453 | .06 | ||||
| 8 | Subjective sleep restfulness | −.013 | −.025, −.002 | .02 | .03 | ||
| Total number of sleep meds | .336 | .029, .645 | .04 | ||||
| BDI-II | .047 | .033, .062 | < .001 | – | |||
| LT any substance use (ref. no) | .227 | −.003, .0457 | .06 | ||||
Categorical subjective sleep predictors (i.e., Subjective total sleep time 0–3, etc.) and overall P presented only for significant Subjective total sleep outcomes (i.e., forgetful and difficulty concentrating); BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition; HIV status, BDI-II total score, any lifetime substance use diagnosis and total number of sleep medications were included as covariates if p < .2 in the backwards model selection; LT = lifetime; Overall P = p-value for total sleep time; §reference group is Subjective total sleep time 6–8 h; *log10 transformed; Adj p-values are corrected for multiple testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method (1) in comparisons of Subjective total sleep time 6–8 vs. the other sleep time groups; (2) in association analyses between the related outcomes (i.e., forgetfulness and difficulty concentrating) and Subjective sleep restfulness; significant associations (p < .05) are in bold