Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Male | All (n = 900) | Young (n = 830) | Elderly (n = 70) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 22.8 ± 15.1 | 18.5 ± 0.6 | 74.4 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.06 | 1.71 ± 0.06 | 1.65 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 62.4 ± 9.7 | 62.2 ± 9.8 | 63.8 ± 8.4 | 0.069 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 ± 3.1 | 21.2 ± 3.0 | 23.4 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Total fat mass (kg) | 11.5 ± 5.4 | 11.2 ± 5.3 | 14.2 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 17.7 ± 5.7 | 17.4 ± 5.6 | 21.7 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Total muscle mass (kg) | 48.3 ± 5.1 | 48.4 ± 5.2 | 47.0 ± 4.4 | 0.037 |
| ASM (kg) | 23.1 ± 2.9 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 21.6 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 7.9 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 0.8 | 0.893 |
| Total bone mass (kg) | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 0.039 |
| Body water content (kg) | 34.6 ± 4.1 | 34.5 ± 4.1 | 35.9 ± 4.1 | 0.006 |
| HGS (kg) | 38.4 ± 6.1 | 38.6 ± 6.0 | 35.7 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Muscle quality (kg/kg) | 8.3 ± 1.1 | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| Phase angle (°) | 6.17 ± 0.57 | 6.25 ± 0.50 | 5.26 ± 0.50 | <0.001 |
| Female | All (n = 519) | Young (n = 422) | Elderly (n = 97) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 28.5 ± 21.6 | 18.3 ± 0.5 | 73.1 ± 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.57 ± 0.06 | 1.58 ± 0.05 | 1.52 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 51.5 ± 7.1 | 51.5 ± 6.8 | 51.4 ± 8.2 | 0.499 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 ± 2.6 | 20.5 ± 2.3 | 22.2 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |
| Total fat mass (kg) | 15.1 ± 4.9 | 14.9 ± 4.5 | 15.9 ± 6.4 | 0.162 |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 28.8 ± 5.5 | 28.5 ± 4.8 | 30.0 ± 7.6 | 0.007 |
| Total muscle mass (kg) | 34.3 ± 3.0 | 34.5 ± 3.0 | 33.6 ± 3.1 | 0.013 |
| ASM (kg) | 15.9 ± 1.8 | 16.1 ± 1.7 | 15.1 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 0.087 |
| Total bone mass (kg) | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.04 ± 0.28 | 1.95 ± 0.29 | 0.012 |
| Body water content (kg) | 25.8 ± 2.6 | 25.6 ± 2.5 | 26.4 ± 2.9 | 0.025 |
| HGS (kg) | 25.1 ± 4.6 | 25.8 ± 4.3 | 22.0 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Muscle quality (kg/kg) | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 8.8 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Phase angle (°) | 5.22 ± 0.53 | 5.37 ± 0.44 | 4.61 ± 0.43 | <0.001 |
ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle; BMI, body mass index; HGS, handgrip strength; SMI, skeletal mass index.
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Significant differences between young and elderly subjects were determined using the Mann–Whitney U test.