Table 1.
Overlapping genes between multi-levels.
| Genes | Analysis techniques of DNA level | Changes of RNA level (N) | Changes of protein level (N) |
|---|---|---|---|
| LOX | Linkage analysis; candidate gene mutation analysis; GWAS; candidate gene association studies | down (4) | down (4) |
| IL1RN | Linkage analysis; candidate gene association studies | down (1) | up (2) |
| COL4A3 | Candidate gene mutation analysis; NGS; GWAS; candidate gene association studies | down (2)/up (1) | down (1) |
| VSX1 | Candidate gene mutation analysis; NGS; candidate gene association studies | up (1) | up (1) |
| TGFBI | Candidate gene mutation analysis; NGS | down (1) | down (2)/up (1) |
| SOD1 | Candidate gene mutation analysis | down (1) | down (1)/up (2) |
| COL6A2 | NGS | down (1)/up (1) | down (3) |
| CAT | Candidate gene association studies | up (1) | up (1) |
| IL1A | Candidate gene association studies | down (3)/up (1) | up (1) |
| MMP9 | Candidate gene association studies | down (1)/up (3) | up (2) |
| TF | Candidate gene association studies | down (1)/up (1) | down (1)/up (3) |
| TIMP1 | Candidate gene association studies | down (5) | down (1)/up (1) |
| TNF | Candidate gene association studies | up (3) | up (3) |
GWAS, Genome-Wide Association Studies; NGS, Next-Generation Sequencing; N, the number of studies.
The genes with consistent changes in transcription and protein levels are bold.