TABLE 2.
Potential influenza complications and oxygen‐related therapy recorded among hospitalizations with influenza diagnosis stratified by timing of antiviral treatment between March 1, 2017 and March 31, 2020
| All hospitalizations (N = 5,173,162) | Hospitalizations with influenza diagnosis (N = 29,520) | Hospitalizations with influenza, treated on admission date (N = 8,466) | Hospitalizations with influenza, treated ≤2 days after admission date (N = 10 ,348) | Hospitalizations with influenza, treated >2 days after admission date (N = 6,213) | Hospitalizations with influenza, never treated during hospitalization (N = 4,493) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Pulmonary complications: Recorded on admission date | ||||||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Acute respiratory failure | 6.9% | 19.6% | 18.0% | 19.2% | 24.4% | 16.9% |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.0% |
| Pneumonia associated with influenza | 7.4% | 11.6% | 9.2% | 10.4% | 15.9% | 13.1% |
| Any pneumonia | 9.2% | 13.6% | 10.1% | 11.9% | 19.1% | 16.5% |
| Pulmonary complications: Recorded after admission date | ||||||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Acute respiratory failure | 1.9% | 3.2% | 2.2% | 2.8% | 5.0% | 3.6% |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Pneumonia associated with influenza | 1.8% | 2.1% | 1.5% | 1.8% | 3.1% | 2.9% |
| Any pneumonia | 2.4% | 2.8% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 4.2% | 4.2% |
| Other complications: Recorded on admission date | ||||||
| Inflammation of the heart, brain, or muscle tissues: myocarditis, encephalitis, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, bacteremia, or myocardial infarction | 17.7% | 31.6% | 29.7% | 31.1% | 36.7% | 28.9% |
| Myocardial infarction | 3.9% | 4.8% | 3.3% | 4.3% | 6.9% | 5.6% |
| Sepsis | 9.5% | 25.4% | 25.4% | 25.7% | 28.3% | 20.9% |
| Stroke | 3.5% | 1.5% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 2.3% | 2.2% |
| Other complications: Recorded after admission date | ||||||
| Inflammation of the heart, brain, or muscle tissues: myocarditis, encephalitis, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, bacteremia, or myocardial infarction | 10.8% | 16.6% | 15.1% | 16.1% | 20.2% | 16.0% |
| Myocardial infarction | 1.5% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 1.9% | 1.5% |
| Sepsis | 5.2% | 13.1% | 12.9% | 13.0% | 14.8% | 11.4% |
| Stroke | 4.1% | 2.7% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 4.1% | 3.2% |
| Oxygen‐related therapy on admission date | ||||||
| Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Mechanical ventilation | 4.1% | 5.9% | 3.9% | 4.8% | 9.6% | 6.7% |
| Supplemental oxygen | 10.5% | 32.2% | 32.0% | 33.9% | 34.8% |
25.4% |
| Oxygen‐related therapy recorded after admission date | ||||||
| Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Mechanical ventilation | 4.9% | 6.0% | 3.0% | 4.6% | 11.1% | 7.9% |
| Supplemental oxygen | 19.3% | 53.1% | 50.4% | 53.6% | 63.4% | 43.0% |
Note: Includes discharges for final billed patients only. The analysis does not include inpatient stays for patients still admitted or not completely coded by the data pull date.