TABLE 4.

Various NMOFs as contrast agents for biomedical imaging.

NMOFs	Active ingredient	Contrast media	Biomedical imaging technologies	Refs
Gd(BDC)1.5(H2O)2	Ga3+ ion	T1-weighted MRI	MRI	Rieter et al. (2006)
Gd-Ru	Ga3+ ion	T1-weighted MRI	MRI	Wang Y M et al. (2016)
Mn-NMOF	Mn2+ ion	T1-weighted MRI	MRI	Yang et al. (2016)
MIL-88A	Fe3+ ion	T2-weighted MRI	MRI	Horcajada et al. (2010)
MIL-100	Fe3+ ion
Fe3O4@UiO-66	Fe3O4 nanoparticle	T2-weighted MRI	MRI	Zhao S N et al. (2016)
Zr-UiO	Zr3+ ion	-	CT	Kalra et al. (2004)
Hf-UiO	Hf4+ ion
Au@MIL-88(Fe)	Fe3+ ion	T2-weighted MRI	MRI and CT	Shang et al. (2017)
Mn/Hf-IR825	Mn2+ ion	-	MRI and CT	Yang Y et al. (2017)
89Zr-UiO-66	Zr3+ ion	-	PET	Chen D et al. (2017)
UCNP@Fe-MIL-101-NH2	Fe3+ ion	T2-weighted MRI	Optical imaging and MRI	Li et al. (2015)
MOF@HA@ICG	indocyanine green (ICG) NIR dye Fe3+ ion	-	Optical imaging and PPT	Cai et al. (2017)