Table 1.
Participants Characteristics in Included Studies
| Author and Year | Sex,(M/F) | Age(Years) | Surgery Type | Tumor Height (cm) | Anostomosis Height (cm) | Adjuvant Therapy | Ostomy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospective randomized trials | |||||||
| Kye et al 201628 N=47 (BFT Group:21; Control Group:26) |
BFT Group M:10(47.6%) F:11(52.4%) Control Group(Conservative Self-rehabilitation) M:15 (57.7%) F:15 (57.7%) |
BFT Group 61.7±9.8‡ Control Group 64.5±9.4‡ |
BFT Group CRA:15 (71.4%) CAA:6 (28.6%) Control Group CRA:23 (88.5%) CAA:3 (11.5%) |
BFT Group ≤5cm:6 (28.6%) >5cm:15 (71.4%) Control Group ≤5cm:8 (30.8%) >5cm:18 (69.2%) |
NR | BFT Group Pre-op:CRT Control Group Post-op:CT |
All |
| Zheng et al 201930 N=109 (Blank control group:38; PFMT Group:36; BFT Group:35) |
Blank control group M:30(79%) F:8(21%) PFMT Group M:27 (75%) F:9 (25%) BFT Group M:25 (71%) F:10 (29%) |
Blank control group 51.2±12.3‡ PFMT Group 52.5±10.4‡ BFT Group 54.3±9.9‡ |
Dixon | Blank control group 5.1±1.9‡ PFMT Group 5.1±1.9‡ BFT Group 5.0±1.6‡ |
NR | Pre-op:CRT | All |
| Prospective non-randomized trials | |||||||
| Laforest et al 201225 N=46 (Rehabilitation Group:22;Control Group:24) |
Rehabilitation Group M:11(50.0%) F:11(50.0%) Control Group M:15 (62.5%) F:9 (37.5%) |
Rehabilitation Group: 55 (33–78)* Control Group: 60(35–80)* |
Laparoscopic sphincter-saving TME |
Rehabilitation Group:3(0.5–9.0)* Control Group:2.5(1.0–9.0)* |
Rehabilitation Group: 0.5(0–3.0)* Control Group:NR |
Pre-op CRT 32 (69.6%) |
NR |
| Lee et al 201926 N=31 (BFT Group:16;Control Group:15) |
BFT Group M:7(43.8%) F:9(56.2%) Control Group M:12 (80.0%) F:3(20.0%) |
BFT Group <70:14(87.5%) ≥70:2(12.5%) Control Group <70:9 (60.0%) ≥70:6 (40.0%) |
BFT Group Low anterior resection:13(81.2%) Intersphincteric resection:3(18.8%) Control Group Low anterior resection:14(93.3%) Intersphincteric resection:1(6.7%) |
BFT Group <5cm:8 (50.0%) ≥5cm:8 (50.0%) Control Group <5cm:1 (6.7%) ≥5cm:14 (93.3%) |
BFT Group <5cm:13(81.2%) ≥5cm:3(18.8%) Control Group <5cm:5(33.3%) ≥5cm:10(66.7%) |
Pre-op:RT 6 (19.4%) | 12 (38.7%) |
| Case series | |||||||
| Allgayer et al 200519 N=95(Irradiated patients:41;Non-irradiated patients:54) |
Irradiated M:28(68.3%)F:13(31.7%) Non-irradiated M:33(61.1%)F:(38.9%) |
Irradiated: 58.5 (31–76)* Non-irradiated: 67 (48–83)* |
LAR | NR | Irradiated: 7.6±3.1‡ Non-irradiated: 10.3±4.2‡ |
Post-op: RT 41 (43.2%) | NR |
| Cong et al 200620 N=16 |
M:5 F:11 | 56(41–74) | ISR | 3.3(2–4.5)* | NR | NR | NR |
| Du et al 201021 N=24 |
M:16 F:8 | 67.6±10.5‡ | LAR | 6.6±3.6‡ | NR | No | NR |
| Bartlett et al 201122 N=19 |
M:10 F:9 | 64.1 (95% CI: 47.0–81.3)† | Anterior resection: 3(15.8)% Ultra-low anterior Resection:10 (52.6%) Segmental colectomy:2 (10.5%) Proctocolectomy 4 (21.1%) |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Cong et al 201123 N=11 |
M:4 F:7 | 51(38–65)* | PLRAS | NR | NR | Pre-op:CRT | All |
| Kim et al 201124 N=70 |
M:49 F:21 | 58.1±10.1‡ | AR | NR | 4.1±1.8‡ | Pre-op:CT:1(1.4%)RT:30(42.9%) Post-op: CT:25(35.7%) RT:19(27.1%) Both: CT:31(44.3%) |
21(30%) |
| Kuo et al 201527 N=32 |
M:17 F:15 | 56.5 (31–70)* | ISR | 3.89 (1.5–5.0)* | NR | Pre-op:CRT25 (78.1%) | 5 (15.6%) |
| Liang et al 201629 N=61 |
M:40 F:21 | 63.1±10.5‡ | TME | NR | 5.2±3.1‡ | RT:14(23.0%) CT:13(21.3%) |
No |
Notes: Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise; values are median (range)*, mean (95% CI.) †Mean±SD‡.
Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; BFT, Biofeedback therapy; CRA, Colorectal anastomosis; CAA, Coloanal anastomosis; NR, not reported; Pre-op, Pre-operation; Post-op, Post-operation; CT, Chemotherapy; RT, Radiotherapy; CRT, Chemoradiotherapy; PFMT, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training; TME, Total Mesorectal Excision; LAR, Low Anterior Resection; ISR, Intersphincteric Resection.