Fig. 4.

Cd²⁺ adsorption by wild boar moMФ, its impact on cellular viability and morphology. Wild boar moMФ were left untreated (0) or treated with different Cd²⁺ concentration (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20 μM). (a) Ability of these cells to adsorb Cd²⁺ was investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. (b) 24 h post-treatment, viability was assessed using a non-radioactive cytotoxic assay. A lysis solution provided by the manufacturer was used as positive control (Control +). Mean data and SD from five (a) or three (b) independent experiments using different wild boar are presented; values for Cd²⁺-stimulated samples were compared to untreated control (Control -) using a Kruskal–Wallis multiple comparison test (a) or a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test (b); *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. (c) 24 h post-treatment, moMФ were morphologically evaluated though confocal microscopy. Images of representative moMФ, one from each condition are presented. Scale bar, 10 μm.