AAV-F robustly transduces the gray matter of spinal cord after intrathecal injection in adult mice. Adult mice were injected via the lumbar region with AAV9 or AAV-F encoding GFP at a dose of 1 × 1011 vg (n = 2/vector). Panels depict spinal cord sections immunostained for GFP expression of mice injected with (a) AAV-F and (b) AAV9. For each animal, top to bottom is cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. GFP, green fluorescent protein; vg, vector genome.