Table 2.

Mechanical properties of vegetable-based natural fibers [73, 74, 75, 76, 77].

Fibers	Density (g/cm3)	Length (mm)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Specific tensile strength (MPa/g.cm−3)	Young's modulus (GPa)	Specific young's modulus (GPa/g.cm−3)	Elongation at break (%)
Abaca	1.5	-	400–980	6.7–20	6.7–20	-	3–10
Alfa	1.4	350	188–350	134–220	22	13–18	1.5–5.8
Bagasse	1.25	-	290	-	17–27.5	-	1.1
Bamboo	1.5–4	-	575	383	11–32	18	2.5–3.7
Banana	-	0.9–4	721.5	534.5	29	22	2
Coir	1.2	20–150	131–220	110–180	2.8–6	3.3–5.2	15–30
Cotton	1.5–1.6	10–60	287–800	190–530	5.5–12.6	3.7–8.4	3–10
Flax	1.5	5–900	700	482.5	27.6–103	18–53	1.2–3.2
Hemp	1.5	5–55	530–1110	360–740	23.5–90	30.5–47	1.6–3
Jute	1.3–1.5	1.5–120	325–800	230	8–78	7.1–39	1.5–2.5
Kapok	-	-	93.3	300	4	12.9	1.2
Kenaf	1.21	2–11	743	-	14.5–53	-	1–2
Pineapple	0.8–1.6	3–9	1020	708.5	71	49.5	14.5
Ramie	1.5	900–1200	400–938	270–620	23	29–85	2–3.8
Sisal	1.3–1.5	900	460–855	317.5–610	9–38	6.7–20	2–2.5