Table 4.
Mechanical performance of hemp composites.
| Fiber fraction | Matrix Type | Pretreatment | Processing technique | Tensile strength (Mpa) | Young's modulus (Gpa) | Flexural Strength (Mpa) | Flexural Modulus (Gpa) | Impact strength (kJ/m2) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemp (5%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 36.58 | 2.07 | - | - | - | [100] |
| Hemp (10%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 40.21 | 2.72 | - | - | - | [92] |
| Hemp (10%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 41.58 | 2.45 | - | - | - | [100] |
| Hemp (15%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 47.45 | 2.96 | - | - | - | [100] |
| Hemp (15%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 46.32 | 3.25 | - | - | - | [92] |
| Hemp (20%) | Thermoplastic starch | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash | Melt processing | 4.0 | 0.182 | - | - | - | [114] |
| Hemp (20%) | Unsaturated Polyester | - | Resin transfer molding | 32.9 | 1.421 | 54.0 | 5.02 | 4.8 | [81] |
| Hemp (20%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 53.26 | 3.81 | - | - | - | [92] |
| Hemp (20%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 55.74 | 3.47 | - | - | - | [100] |
| Hemp (21.93%) | Epoxy/lignin | - | VARTM | 31.15 | 5.11 | 86.16 | 4.18 | [115] | |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash | Compression molding | 35.2 | 3.32 | 112.2 | 3.96 | 3.02 | [94] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 44.8 | 3.65 | 113.9 | 4.16 | 3.61 | [94] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + silane | Compression molding | 52.2 | 4.02 | 123.2 | 4.37 | 4.19 | [94] |
| Hemp (30%) | polylactic acid | Alkaline treatment | Compression molding | 53.63 | 5.60 | 70.9 | 7.8 | 9.7 | [116] |
| Hemp (30%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 62.93 | 5.07 | - | - | - | [92] |
| Hemp (30%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Hydraulic hot-press | 62.8 | 5.07 | 186 | 5.1 | 5.73 | [117] |
| Hemp (30%) | Epoxy | - | VARTM | 64.0 | 7.4 | 91.0 | 4.7 | 20.0 | [105] |
| Hemp (35%) | Unsaturated Polyester | - | Resin transfer molding | 60.2 | 1.74 | 112.9 | 6.40 | 14.2 | [81] |
| Hemp (40%) | Polylactic acid | - | Hot press method | 44.63 | 7.4 | 90 | - | - | [89] |
| Hemp (40 %) | Phenolic | - | Material in steel mould | 78 | - | 105 | - | 25 | [118] |
| Hemp (50%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 34.46 | 2.05 | - | - | - | [92] |