Table 6.
Thermomechanical performance of hemp composites.
| Fiber fraction | Matrix Type | Pretreatment | Processing technique | E′ (GPa)a | Tg (oC)b | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemp noil (5%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 2.31 | 175 | [71] |
| Hemp (5%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Hydraulic hot-press | 2.45 | 193 | [117] |
| Hemp (10%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Hydraulic hot-press | 2.65 | 196 | [117] |
| Hemp noil (10%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 2.69 | 177 | [71] |
| Hemp noil (15%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 3.61 | 180 | [71] |
| Hemp (20%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Hydraulic hot-press | 3.28 | 203 | [117] |
| Hemp noil (20%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 4.15 | 181 | [71] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash | Compression molding | 2.98 | 195 | [94] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 3.18 | 211 | [94] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + silane | Compression molding | 3.41 | 214 | [94] |
| Hemp noil (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 4.26 | 184 | [71] |
| Hemp (30%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Hydraulic hot-press | 4.15 | 202 | [117] |
a
Stiffness (E′ at 50 °C).
b
Tan δ peak temperature.