Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants According to CVAI Quartiles
| Variable | Quartile 1 (33.04–123.67) | Quartile 2 (123.83–150.55) | Quartile 3 (150.80–179.17) | Quartile 4 (179.19–320.94) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=544 | n=544 | n=544 | n=545 | ||
| Age, years | 47.87 ± 9.51 | 50.06 ± 10.93 | 49.65 ± 11.02 | 49.25 ± 10.15 | <0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 234 (43.0%) | 352 (64.7%) | 420 (77.2%) | 487 (89.4%) | <0.01 |
| NC, cm | 37.03 ± 2.84 | 39.54 ± 3.07 | 41.18 ± 3.03 | 43.61 ± 3.11 | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.34 ± 2.62 | 27.37 ± 2.47 | 29.22 ± 2.91 | 31.90 ± 3.71 | <0.01 |
| WC, cm | 89.94 ± 6.37 | 97.61 ± 4.53 | 103.28 ± 4.74 | 113.07 ± 7.80 | <0.01 |
| SBP, mmHg | 139.71 ± 19.67 | 139.30 ± 18.20 | 141.05 ± 19.35 | 139.61 ± 19.93 | 0.46 |
| DBP, mmHg | 91.74 ± 14.30 | 91.21 ± 13.18 | 92.52 ± 14.15 | 92.38 ± 13.89 | 0.37 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.38 (1.05–1.88) | 1.71 (1.22–2.35) | 1.99 (1.46–2.78) | 2.04 (1.47–2.92) | <0.01 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.48 (3.83–5.07) | 4.49 (3.84–5.09) | 4.46 (3.89–5.16) | 4.55 (3.97–5.08) | 0.66 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.62 (2.14–3.15) | 2.58 (2.07–3.10) | 2.58 (2.09–3.17) | 2.64 (2.14–3.10) | 0.73 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.19 (1.01–1.42) | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) | 1.03 (0.87–1.20) | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | <0.01 |
| Lp (a), mg/L | 156.00 (115.00–233.32) | 149.60 (109.60–223.05) | 158.00 (113.00–207.93) | 148.00 (111.00–214.00) | 0.15 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.94 ± 1.22 | 5.18 ± 1.25 | 5.38 ± 1.38 | 5.59 ± 1.85 | <0.01 |
| HsCRP, mg/L | 1.59 (0.76–3.31) | 2.12 (0.87–3.88) | 2.16 (0.95–4.18) | 2.60 (1.28–4.37) | <0.01 |
| Hcy, mmol/L | 14.04 (10.22–20.59) | 13.88 (9.65–19.31) | 14.21 (9.53–20.77) | 15.40 (10.70–21.92) | 0.03 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 98.16 ± 19.65 | 98.13 ± 20.14 | 97.09 ± 19.05 | 97.73 ± 19.57 | 0.79 |
| Cr, μmol/L | 70.23 ± 15.65 | 73.77 ± 15.61 | 76.68 ± 14.85 | 78.51 ± 14.04 | <0.01 |
| AHI, events/hour | 12.50 (8.17–20.65) | 17.30 (8.90–31.50) | 21.80 (13.20–38.10) | 25.30 (13.40–43.90) | <0.01 |
| Mean SaO2, % | 91.99 ± 8.99 | 91.46 ± 7.68 | 90.99 ± 8.16 | 90.16 ± 7.98 | <0.01 |
| Lowest SaO2, % | 80.00 ± 9.98 | 78.05 ± 9.42 | 76.35 ± 11.35 | 74.17 ± 12.49 | <0.01 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 48 (8.8%) | 73 (13.4%) | 102 (18.8%) | 136 (25.0%) | <0.01 |
| Drinking status, n (%) | <0.01 | ||||
| Never | 437 (80.3%) | 374 (68.8%) | 327 (60.1%) | 307 (56.3%) | |
| Past | 21 (3.9%) | 28 (5.1%) | 46 (8.5%) | 50 (9.2%) | |
| Current | 86 (15.8%) | 142 (26.1%) | 171 (31.4%) | 188 (34.5%) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.01 | ||||
| Never | 401 (73.7%) | 340 (62.5%) | 269 (49.4%) | 240 (44.0%) | |
| Past | 43 (7.9%) | 48 (8.8%) | 67 (12.3%) | 71 (13.0%) | |
| Current | 100 (18.4%) | 156 (28.7%) | 208 (38.2%) | 234 (42.9%) | |
| Medication use, n (%) | |||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 477 (87.7%) | 501 (92.1%) | 524 (96.3%) | 540 (99.1%) | <0.01 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 282 (51.8%) | 336 (61.8%) | 386 (71.0%) | 429 (78.7%) | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 329 (60.5%) | 399 (73.3%) | 362 (66.5%) | 428 (78.5%) | <0.01 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 31 (5.7%) | 58 (10.7%) | 74 (13.6%) | 116 (21.3%) | <0.01 |
| Regular CPAP treatment | 6 (1.1%) | 19 (3.5%) | 22 (4.0%) | 33 (6.1%) | <0.01 |
Notes: Values are mean ± SD, n (%) or median (Q1–Q3).
Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; NC, neck circumference; WC, waist circumference; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; Hcy, homocysteine; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AHI, apnea hypopnea index; Mean SaO2, mean oxygen saturation; Lowest SaO2, lowest oxygen saturation; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; CVAI, Chinese visceral adiposity index.