TABLE 1.
Classifications and sources of limonoids isolated from genus Melia.
No | Compounds | Part of plant | Sources | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Trichilin class | ||||
1 | Azedarachin A | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
2 | 12-O-Acetylazedarachin A | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
3 | 12-O-Acetylazedarachin B | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
4 | Azedarachin C | Root barks | M. azedarach | D'Ambrosio and Guerriero (2002) |
5 | Azedarachin B | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
6 | Sendanin | Stem and root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
7 | 12-Hydroxyamoorastatin | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
8 | Toosendanin | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010c) |
9 | 12-O-Deacetyltrichilin H | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2005) |
10 | 12-Acetyltrichilin B | Root barks | M. azedarach | Nakatani et al. (1994) |
11 | 7,12-Diacetyltrichilin B | Root barks | M. azedarach | Nakatani et al. (1994) |
12 | Trichilin H | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
13 | Trichilin B | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
14 | Trichilin D | Root barks | M. azedarach | Nakatani et al. (1994) |
15 | Meliatoxin A2 | Root barks | M. azedarach | Nakatani et al. (1994) |
16 | Trichilin K | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
17 | Trichilin L | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
18 | Trichilin I | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
19 | Trichilin J | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1996) |
20 | 12-Deacetyltrichilin I | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996b) |
21 | 1-Acetyltrichilin H | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996b) |
22 | 3-Deacetyltrichilin H | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996b) |
23 | 1-Acetyl-3-deacetyltrichilin H | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996b) |
24 | 1-Acetyl-2-deacetyltrichilin H | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996b) |
25 | 1,12-Diacetyltrichilin B | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996b) |
26 | Meliatoosenin C | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010c) |
27 | 24-Norchola-20,22-diene-4-carboralde-hyde-14,15:21,23-diepoxy-1,3,7,12,19-pentachydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-11-oxo-cyclic-4,19-hemiacetal[C(S),1α,3α,4β,5α,7α,12α,13α,14β,15β,17α]-(9Cl) | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010c) |
28 | Meliatoosenin D | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010c) |
29 | 1-O-Acetyltrichilin H | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1998) |
30 | 12-Acetoxyamoorastatin | Barks | M. azedarach | Ahn et al. (1994) |
31 | 7-Benzoyltoosendanin | Seeds | M. azedarach | Liu et al. (2011) |
32 | 7-Cinnamoyltoosendanin | Seeds | M. azedarach | Liu et al. (2011) |
33 | Meliarachin B | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
34 | Meliarachin C | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
35 | Meliatoxin B1 | Fruits | M. toosendan | Tada et al. (1999) |
36 | 12α-Hydroxymeliatoxin B1 | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
37 | 12α-Acetoxylmeliatoxin B2 | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
38 | Meliatoosenin G | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
39 | Meliatoosenin H | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
40 | 29-[(2-Methylbutanoyl)oxy]-2α-hydroxyamoorastatone | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (2009) |
41 | 1,3-epi-29-[(2-Methylpropanoyl)oxy]-2α-hydroxyamoorastatone | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (2009) |
42 | Isotoosendanin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Xie et al. (2008) |
43 | Meliarachin L | Fruits | M. toosendan | Yan et al. (2020) |
44 | Neoazedarachin A | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1998) |
45 | Neoazedarachin B | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1998) |
46 | Neoazedarachin D | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1998) |
47 | 12α-Hydroxyamoorastatone | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1998) |
48 | Amoorastatone | Fruits | M. toosendan | Wang et al. (2020a) |
49 | 12-Dehydroneoazedarachin D | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
50 | Meliatoxin B2 | Barks | M. azedarach | Huang et al. (1994) |
51 | Meliarachin G | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
52 | Meliarachin H | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
53 | Meliarachin I | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
54 | Meliarachin J | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
55 | Meliarachin K | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
56 | 12α-Hydroxymeliatoosenin I | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
57 | Meliatoosenin I | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
58 | Meliatoosenin J | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
59 | Mesendanin H | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
60 | Meliarachin D | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
61 | Meliarachin E | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
62 | Meliazedalides B | Fruits | M. azedarach | Qiu et al. (2019) |
63 | Toosendalactonins | Fruits | M. azedarach | Park et al. (2020) |
64 | Meliatoosenin E | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
65 | Mesendanin G | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
66 | Meliartenin | Fruits | M. azedarach | Carpinella et al. (2003) |
67 | Toosendanal | Fruits | M. toosendan | Tada et al. (1999) |
Vilasinin class | ||||
68 | Meliatoosenin K | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
69 | Trichilinin D | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
70 | Trichilinin E | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
71 | Toosendansin H | Fruits | M. toosendan | Li et al. (2020b) |
72 | 1-O-cinnamoyltrichilinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (2000) |
73 | Trichilinin B | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
74 | Trichilinin C | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
75 | 24, 25,26, 27-Tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-1α-tigloyloxy-3α, 7α-dihydroxyl-12α-acetoxyl-14, 20, 22-trien-21, 23-epoxy-6,28-epoxy | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010d) |
76 | Meliavolkin | Barks | M. volkensii | Zeng et al. (1995a) |
77 | Meliavolkinin | Barks | M. volkensii | Rogers et al. (1998a) |
78 | 1,3-Diacetylvilasinin | Barks | M. volkensii | Rogers et al. (1998a) |
79 | 1-Acetyltrichilinin | Fruits | M. volkensii | Jaoko et al. (2020) |
80 | 1-Tigloyltrichilinin | Fruits | M. volkensii | Jaoko et al. (2020) |
81 | 11,15-Dioxotrichilinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
82 | Toosendansin I | Fruits | M. toosendan | Li et al. (2020b) |
Havanensin class | ||||
83 | Mesendanin C | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
84 | Mesendanin D | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
85 | Sendanal B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Yan et al. (2020) |
86 | 24,25,26,27-Tetra-norapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-1α,6α,12α-triacetoxyl-3α,7α-dihydroxyl-28-aldehyde-14,20,22-trien-21,23-epoxy | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2013) |
87 | 14,15-Deoxy-11-oxohavanensin 3,12-diacetate | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
88 | Mesendanin A | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
89 | Mesendanin B | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
90 | Mesendanin J | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
91 | Toosendone | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2007) |
92 | Butenolide | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
93 | Meliarachin A | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Su et al. (2011) |
94 | Melianin C | Barks | M. volkensii | Rogers et al. (1998a) |
95 | Meliatoosenin F | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
96 | Mesendanin I | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
Azadirone class | ||||
97 | Meliatoosenin A | Stem barks | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010c) |
98 | Azadirone | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
99 | Acetyltrichilenone | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
Nimbolinin class | ||||
100 | 12-O-Methylvolkensin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Tada et al. (1999) |
101 | 1-Deacetylnimbolinin A | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (1999) |
102 | Nimbolinin A | Fruits | M. toosendan | Su et al. (2013) |
103 | Nimbolinin C | Fruits | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (2000) |
104 | Nimbolinin D | Fruits | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (2000) |
105 | Nimbolinin B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Su et al. (2013) |
106 | 1-Deacetylnimbolinin B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Su et al. (2013) |
107 | 12-Ethoxynimbolinins A | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2007) |
108 | 12-Ethoxynimbolinins B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2007) |
109 | 12-Ethoxynimbolinins C | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2007) |
110 | 12-Ethoxynimbolinins D | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2007) |
111 | 12-Ethoxynimbolinins H | Barks | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2018) |
112 | Nimbolin B | Root barks | M. volkensii | Zeng et al. (1995b) |
113 | 1-Decinnamoyl-1-(2′-methylacryloyl) nimbolinin C | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
114 | 1-Decinnamoylnimbolinin C | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
115 | 12-O-Methyl-1-O-deacetylnimbolinin B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2011) |
116 | 12-O-Methyl-1-O-tigloyl-1-O-deacetylnimbolinin B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2011) |
117 | 12-O-Ethylnimbolinin B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2011) |
118 | 1α, 7α-Dihydroxyl-3α-acetoxyl-12α-ethoxylnimbolinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2016) |
119 | 1α-Tigloyloxy-3α-acetoxyl-7α-hydroxyl-12β-ethoxylnimbolinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2016) |
120 | 1α, 3α-Dihydroxyl-7α-tigloyloxy-12α-ethoxylnimbolinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2016) |
121 | 1α, 7α-Ditigloyloxy-3α-acetoxyl-12α-ethoxylnimbolinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2016) |
122 | 1α-Benzoyloxy-3α-acetoxyl-7α-hydroxyl-12β-ethoxylnimbolinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2013) |
123 | 12α-1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-deacetyl-nimbolinin B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Su et al. (2013) |
124 | 1α-Benzoyloxy-3α-acetoxyl-7α-hydroxyl-12α-ethoxyl nimbolinin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2010b) |
125 | 1-O-Benzoyl-3-O-deactylnim-bolinin C | Fruits | M. azedarach | Park et al. (2020) |
126 | 1-Benzoylnimbolinin C | Seeds | M. azedarach | Liu et al. (2011) |
127 | Meliatoosenin L | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
128 | Meliatoosenin N | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
129 | Toosendansins B | Fruits | M. toosendan | Chen et al. (2014) |
130 | 3-Deacetyl-12-O-methylvolkensin | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhu et al. (2014) |
131 | Meliatoosenin T | Fruits | M. toosendan | Yan et al. (2020) |
132 | Meliatoosenin U | Fruits | M. toosendan | Yan et al. (2020) |
133 | Meliazedalides A | Fruits | M. azedarach | Qiu et al. (2019) |
Ohchinolide class | ||||
134 | Ohchinolide A | Fruits | M. azedarach | Ochi et al. (1979) |
135 | Ohchinolide B | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1997) |
136 | Ohchinolide C | Barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1997) |
137 | 1-O-Deacetyl-1-O-tigloylohchinolide B | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2004) |
138 | 1-O-Deacetyl-1-O-benzoylohchinolide B | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2004) |
139 | 1-O-Deacetyl-1-O-tigloylohchinolide A | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2004) |
140 | 1-O-Deacetylohchinolide B | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2004) |
141 | 1-O-Deacetylohchinolide A | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2004) |
142 | Azecin 2 | Roots | M. azedarach | Tan and Luo (2011) |
Nimbolidin class | ||||
143 | Nimbolidin F | Barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1997) |
144 | Nimbolidin D | Barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1997) |
145 | Nimbolidin C | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (1996) |
146 | Nimbolidin E | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (1996) |
147 | Nimbolidin B | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (1996) |
148 | 15-O-Deacetyl-15-O-methylnimbolidin A | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2005) |
149 | 15-O-Deacetyl-15-O-methylnimbolidin B | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2005) |
150 | 15-O-Deacetylnimbolidin B | Fruits | M. azedarach | Zhou et al. (2005) |
Salannin class | ||||
151 | 1-O-Cinnamoyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal | Fruits | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2011) |
152 | 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal | Fruits | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2011) |
153 | Salannin | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (1996) |
154 | 3-O-Deacetylsalanni | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
155 | Ohchinal | Fruits | M. toosendan | Wang et al. (2020a) |
156 | Ohchinin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
157 | 1-O-Decinnamoyl-1-O-benzoylohchinin | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
158 | 3-Deacetyl-4′-demethylsalannin | Fruits | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014a) |
159 | 3-Deacetyl-3-tigloylsalannin | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2017) |
160 | 2′,3′-Dihydrosalannin | Fruits | M. volkensii | Jaoko et al. (2020) |
161 | 1-Detigloyl-1-isobutylsalannin | Fruits | M. volkensii | Jaoko et al. (2020) |
162 | Ohchinin-acetate | Fruits | M. volkensii | Jaoko et al. (2020) |
163 | Ohchininolide | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
164 | 1-O-Decinnamoyl-1-O-benzoylohchininolide | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
165 | 23-Hydroxyohchininolide | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
166 | 23-Methoxyohchininolide A | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
167 | 1-O-Decinnamoyl-1-O-benzoyl-23-hydroxyohchininolide | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
168 | 3-Deacetyl-28-oxosalannin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
169 | 3-Deacetyl-4′-demethyl-28-oxosalannin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
170 | 1-O-Decinnamoyl-1-O-benzoyl-28-oxoohchinin | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
171 | 3-Deacetyl-28-oxosalannolactone | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
172 | 3-Deacetyl-28-oxoisosalanninolide | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
173 | 3-Deacetyl-17-defurano-17,28-dioxosalannin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014b) |
174 | 21-Hydroxyisoohchininolide | Leaves | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
175 | 17-Defurano-17-oxoohchinin | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2013) |
176 | Meliatoosenin P | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
177 | Meliatoosenin Q | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
Ohchinolal class | ||||
178 | 3-O-Acetylohchinolal | Barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1997) |
179 | 1-Detigloylohchinolal | Fruits | M. azedarach | Pan et al. (2014a) |
180 | 1-Benzoyl-1-detigloylohchinolal | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2017) |
181 | 1-Cinnamoyl-1-detigloylohchinolal | Fruits | M. azedarach | Akihisa et al. (2017) |
182 | Ohchinolal | Root barks | M. toosendan | Zhou et al. (1997) |
183 | Mesendanin E | Fruits | M. azedarach | (Dong et al., 2010; Pan et al., 2014a) |
184 | Mesendanin F | Twigs and leaves | M. toosendan | Dong et al. (2010) |
185 | Toosendansin G | Fruits | M. toosendan | Li et al. (2020b) |
186 | Meliatoosenin R | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
Meliacarpinin class | ||||
187 | Toosendane A | Barks | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2018) |
188 | Toosendane B | Barks | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2018) |
189 | Toosendane C | Barks | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2018) |
190 | 3,20-Diacetyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Barks | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2018) |
191 | 3,20-Diacetyl-1-tigloyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Barks | M. toosendan | Hu et al. (2018) |
192 | Meliacarpinin A | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
193 | Meliacarpinin C | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
194 | Meliacarpinin D | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani (1999) |
195 | Meliacarpinin E | Root barks | M. azedarach | Huang et al. (1996) |
196 | 1-Deoxy-3-tigloyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Barks | M. azedarach | Huang et al. (1994) |
197 | 3α-(2-Methylbutyryl)-1,20-diacetyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Zhang et al. (2014) |
198 | 3-Tigloyl-1,20-diacetyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Twigs and leaves | M. azedarach | Zhang et al. (2014) |
199 | 1-Methacrylyl-3-acetyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Roots | M. azedarach | Nakatani (1999) |
200 | 1-(2-Methylpropanoyl)-3-acetyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Roots | M. azedarach | Nakatani (1999) |
201 | 1-Cinnamoyl-3-hydroxy- 11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996a) |
202 | 1-Deoxy-3-methacrylyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin | Barks | M. azedarach | Takeya et al. (1996a) |
Meliacarpin class | ||||
203 | 1,3-Dicinnamoyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Bohnenstengel et al. (1999) |
204 | 1-Cinnamoyl-3-methacrylyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Bohnenstengel et al. (1999) |
205 | 1-Cinnamoyl-3-acetyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Bohnenstengel et al. (1999) |
206 | 1-Cinnamoyl-3-feruloyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Bohnenstengel et al. (1999) |
207 | Azadirachtin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Bohnenstengel et al. (1999) |
208 | 1-Cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin | Leaves | M. azedarach | Barquero et al. (2006) |
Others | ||||
209 | Meliatoosenin S | Fruits | M. toosendan | Zhang et al. (2012) |
210 | Spirosendan | Root barks | M. toosendan | Nakatani et al. (1999) |
211 | Volkensinin | Barks | M. volkensii | Rogers et al. (1998b) |
212 | Azecin 1 | Roots | M. azedarach | Tan and Luo (2011) |
213 | Azecin 3 | Roots | M. azedarach | Tan and Luo (2011) |
214 | Azecin 4 | Roots | M. azedarach | Tan and Luo (2011) |