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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2021 Jul 1;162(Suppl 1):S5–S25. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002268

Table 3.

Summary of the effects of cannabinoids and endocannabinoid system modulators on pain-related behaviour in the most frequently used rodent models of inflammatory pain. Adapted from215.

Formalin Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Carrageenan Osteoarthritis
Drug Class K N Effect size 95 % CI K N Effect size 95 % CI K N Effect size 95 % CI K N Effect size 95 % CI
Anandamide transport inhibitor 10 64 1.97 0.608 - 3.342 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT
CB1 receptor agonist 59 496 1.12 0.731 - 1.502 21 144 0.74 0.378 - 1.107 ns ns ns ns 3 16 1.22 0.378 - 1.107
CB1 receptor inverse agonist 1 7 1.71 0.427 - 3.002 NT NT NT NT 5 30 0.44 0.055 - 0.822 NT NT NT NT
CB1 receptor PAM NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 1 8 2.45 1.067 - 3.837 NT NT NT NT
CB2 receptor agonist 33 265 0.81 0.316 - 1.307 44 338 1.10 0.829 - 1.366 10 74 1.39 0.885 - 1.896 24 173 1.42 0.829 - 1.366
CB2 receptor inverse agonist 3 22 1.05 0.653 - 1.444 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT
CBD 2 16 1.86 1.548 - 2.169 5 20 1.59 0.71 - 2.469 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
Dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor NT NT NT NT ns ns ns ns 4 36 1.42 0.25 - 2.6 NT NT NT NT
FAAH inhibitor 23 184 1.50 1.134 - 1.862 24 144 1.24 0.702 - 1.781 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
FABP inhibitor ns ns ns ns 15 98 0.78 0.194 - 1.373 6 36 1.42 0.947 - 1.895 NT NT NT NT
Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor 8 69 2.28 1.382 - 3.175 ns ns ns ns 8 60 2.67 0.967 - 4.378 ns ns ns ns
NAAA inhibitor NT NT NT NT 3 30 1.63 1.235 - 2.025 12 72 1.91 0.923 - 2.897 NT NT NT NT
Non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist 38 253 1.56 1.019 - 2.11 ns ns ns ns 45 311 0.74 0.202 - 1.268 ns ns ns ns
PPAR-alpha agonist 21 143 1.73 0.701 - 2.761 2 16 2.53 0.851 - 4.205 26 173 3.26 1.51 - 5.006 9 75 0.98 0.851 - 4.205
THC 20 118 1.16 0.679 - 1.643 16 109 2.34 1.687 - 2.986 5 37 2.13 0.138 - 4.12 NT NT NT NT

K denotes the number of comparisons and N denotes the number of animals within each sub-group. All entries with an effect size value were statistically significant. NT, not tested, ns, not significant.