Table 2.

Risk of gastrointestinal cancers with low-dose aspirin and paracetamol after propensity score matching

	Low-dose aspirin			Paracetamol			HR (95% CI)	P value
	No.	No. of cases/person-years	Incidence per 1000 person-years	No.	No. of cases/person-years	Incidence per 1000 person-years
Colorectal cancer	49 679	876/428 554	2.04	49 679	1078/457 195	2.36	0.83 (0.76 to 0.91)	<0.001
Female	24 031	356/211 588	1.68	23 991	463/226 257	2.05	0.79 (0.68 to 0.90)	<0.001
Male	25 648	520/216 966	2.40	25 688	615/230 938	2.66	0.86 (0.76 to 0.96)	0.01
40–49 years old	4344	15/45 459	0.33	4002	26/44 565	0.58	0.57 (0.30 to 1.06)	0.08
50–59 years old	9350	90/95 162	0.95	8416	105/91 025	1.15	0.84 (0.63 to 1.11)	0.20
60–69 years old	11 489	224/110 070	2.04	11 050	250/112 834	2.22	0.89 (0.74 to 1.07)	0.19
70–79 years old	14 976	352/123 565	2.85	15 326	446/139 167	3.20	0.82 (0.71 to 0.94)	0.004
≥80 years old	9520	195/54 298	3.59	10 885	251/69 604	3.61	0.89 (0.74 to 1.07)	0.23
Diabetes mellitus	6079	108/46 923	2.30	5975	147/49 238	2.99	0.73 (0.57 to 0.94)	0.01
PPI/H2-blocker use	14 323	224/112 848	1.98	13 898	262/120 357	2.18	0.85 (0.71 to 1.02)	0.07
Gastric cancer	49 679	222/428 554	0.52	49 679	293/457 195	0.64	0.77 (0.65 to 0.92)	0.003
Female	24 031	73/211 591	0.35	23 991	103/226 259	0.46	0.73 (0.54 to 0.98)	0.04
Male	25 648	149/216 969	0.69	25 688	190/230 940	0.82	0.79 (0.64 to 0.98)	0.03
40–49 years old	4344	5/45 459	0.11	4002	8/44 565	0.18	0.58 (0.19 to 1.77)	0.34
50–59 years old	9350	31/95 162	0.33	8416	21/91 025	0.23	1.40 (0.80 to 2.45)	0.24
60–69 years old	11 489	41/110 070	0.37	11 050	52/112 834	0.46	0.78 (0.51 to 1.17)	0.22
70–79 years old	14 976	93/123 565	0.75	15 326	113/139 167	0.81	0.85 (0.65 to 1.12)	0.26
≥80 years old	9520	52/54 298	0.96	10 885	99/69 604	1.42	0.60 (0.43 to 0.84)	0.003
Diabetes mellitus	6079	28/46 923	0.60	5975	40/49 238	0.81	0.69 (0.43 to 1.13)	0.14
PPI/H2-blocker use	14 323	65/112 848	0.58	13 898	82/120 357	0.68	0.77 (0.56 to 1.07)	0.12
Oesophageal cancer	49 679	96/428 554	0.22	49 679	110/457 195	0.24	0.88 (0.67 to 1.16)	0.37
Female	24 031	23/211 591	0.11	23 991	29/226 259	0.13	0.80 (0.46 to 1.39)	0.43
Male	25 648	73/216 969	0.34	25 688	81/230 940	0.35	0.91 (0.66 to 1.25)	0.55
40–49 years old	4344	2/45 459	0.04	4002	1/44 565	0.02	2.05 (0.22 to 19.5)	0.53
50–59 years old	9350	11/95 162	0.12	8416	11/91 025	0.12	0.95 (0.41 to 2.19)	0.90
60–69 years old	11 489	30/110 070	0.27	11 050	25/112 834	0.22	1.19 (0.70 to 2.02)	0.53
70–79 years old	14 976	35/123 565	0.28	15 326	39/139 167	0.28	0.92 (0.58 to 1.45)	0.72
≥80 years old	9520	18/54 298	0.33	10 885	34/69 604	0.49	0.61 (0.34 to 1.07)	0.08
Diabetes mellitus	6079	13/46 923	0.28	5975	19/49 238	0.39	0.67 (0.33 to 1.36)	0.27
PPI/H2-blocker use	14 323	28/112 848	0.25	13 898	29/120 357	0.24	0.94 (0.56 to 1.58)	0.82

H2-blocker, histamine-2 receptor blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitors.