Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Overall and Stratified by Medication Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD)
| Characteristics | Total Cohort | Cohort by MOUD Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| N=5600 | No MOUD (n=4878) | MOUD (n=722) | p-value | |
|
| ||||
| Demographics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age (mean, sd) | 56.8 (6.6) | 56.6 (6.6) | 57.8 (6.9) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||
| BMI (mean, sd)* | 28.4 (5.8) | 28.4 (5.8) | 28.2 (6.0) | 0.237 |
|
| ||||
| Race/Ethnicity (N, %) | <0.0001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3380 (62.1) | 3008 (63.5) | 372 (6.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1226 (22.5)) | 1008 (21.3) | 218 (31.1) | |
| Hispanic | 582 (10.7) | 501 (10.6) | 81 (11.5) | |
| Other Race/ethnicity | 255 (4.7) | 224 (4.7) | 31 (4.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Female (N, %) | 138 (2.5) | 130 (2.7) | 8 (1.1) | 0.012 |
|
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| Marital status (N, %) | 0.023 | |||
| Married | 1239 (24.5) | 1093 (24.8) | 146 (22.7) | |
| Single | 1060 (21.0) | 899 (20.4) | 161 (25.0) | |
| Divorced/widowed | 2761 (54.6) | 2425 (54.9) | 336 (52.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Homeless (N, %) | 800 (14.3) | 706 (14.5) | 94 (13.0) | 0.297 |
|
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|
| ||||
| Liver Disease Factors | ||||
|
| ||||
| Etiology (N, %) | <0.001 | |||
| Hepatitis C | 4619 (82.5) | 3954 (81.1) | 665 (92.1) | |
| Alcohol | 871 (15.6) | 822 (16.9) | 49 (6.8) | |
| Other/unspecified | 110 (1.9) | 102 (2.1) | 8 (1.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Prior decompensation (N, %) | 411 (7.3) | 363 (7.4) | 48 (6.7) | 0.445 |
|
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| Hepatocellular carcinoma (N, %) | 92 (1.6) | 75 (1.5) | 17 (2.4) | 0.107 |
|
| ||||
| Prior hepatitis C treatment | 122 (2.2) | 110 (2.3) | 12 (1.7) | 0.308 |
|
| ||||
| MELD* (mean, sd) | 9.6 (4.0) | 9.6 (4.0) | 9.8 (4.0) | 0.321 |
|
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|
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| Substance Use Disorders | ||||
|
| ||||
| Nicotine use disorder (N, %) | 1719 (30.7) | 1476 (30.3) | 243 (33.7) | 0.065 |
|
| ||||
| Alcohol use disorder (N, %) | 1779 (31.8) | 1589 (32.6) | 190 (26.3) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Other substance use disorders (N, %) | 1737 (31.0) | 1470 (30.1) | 267 (37.0) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
|
| ||||
| Other Comorbidities | ||||
|
| ||||
| Pain related diagnosis (N, %) | 2930 (52.3) | 2600 (53.3) | 330 (45.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Prior prescription opioids (N, %) | ||||
| Any opioid | 2935 (52.4) | 2666 (54.7) | 269 (37.3) | <0.001 |
| Hydrocodone | 1368 (24.4) | 1251 (25.7) | 117 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| Oxycodone | 1140 (20.4) | 1031 (21.1) | 109 (15.1) | |
| Morphine | 690 (12.3) | 642 (13.2) | 48 (6.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Mood disorders (N, %) | 2238 (40.0) | 1964 (40.3) | 274 (38.0) | 0.236 |
|
| ||||
| Anxiety disorders (N, %) | 622 (11.1) | 549 (11.3) | 73 (10.1) | 0.361 |
|
| ||||
| Schizophrenia (N, %) | 318 (5.7) | 283 (5.8) | 35 (4.9) | 0.301 |
|
| ||||
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (N, %) | 1055 (18.8) | 941 (19.3) | 114 (15.8) | 0.025 |
|
| ||||
| Charlson comorbidity index (mean, sd) | 0.82 (1.05) | 0.82 (1.05) | 0.82 (1.05) | 0.961 |
*
BMI=body mass index; MELD=model for end-stage liver disease; sd=standard deviation; missing data: MELD N=3,007, marital status for N=540, and for race N=157; for characteristics with missing data, %s are calculated based on the non-missing total number