Table 3.
Sagittal parameters of achondroplasia in subjects divided into two groups with or without TLK >20° at 3 years old.
| 0 y (n=7) with TLK at 3 y | 0 y (n=14) without TLK at 3 y | P value | 1 y (n=7) with TLK at 3 y | 1 y (n=14) without TLK at 3 y | P value | 3 y (n=7) with TLK at 3 y | 3 y (n=14) without TLK at 3 y | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months) of independent walking | 31.4 ± 17.1 | 16.1 ± 3.4 | <0.01 | ||||||
| CL: C2-7 lordosis | 11.6 ± 6.6 | 9.0 ± 6.6 | ns | 6.1 ± 4.0 | 7.2 ± 5.1 | ns | 6.0 ± 6.2 | 6.8 ± 4.5 | ns |
| TK: Thoracic kyphosis | 11.4 ± 5.6 | 6.2 ± 4.1 | ns | 12.1 ± 8.3 | 8.4 ± 5.7 | ns | 18.9 ± 12.4 | 24.2 ± 13.1 | ns |
| TLK: Thoracolumbar kyphosis | 33.2 ± 17.9 | 27.1 ± 9.0 | ns | 33.9 ± 8.8 | 26.8 ± 7.1 | ns | 40.9 ± 16.0 | 29.2 ± 12.6 | <0.01 |
| LL: Lumbar lordosis | 21.1 ± 7.4 | 26.8 ± 10.1 | ns | 40.3 ± 25.7 | 32.1 ± 14.4 | ns | 44.8 ± 26.1 | 49.3 ± 12.4 | ns |
| PI: Pelvic incidence | 47.8 ± 16.3 | 47.7 ± 14.0 | ns | 46.1 ± 10.2 | 52.7 ± 11.3 | ns | |||
| PT: Pelvic tilt | 16.6 ± 9.5 | 14.6 ± 9.8 | ns | 8.9 ± 4.9 | 9.5 ± 7.8 | ns | |||
| SS: Sacral Slope | 31.3 ± 7.6 | 33.1 ± 10.2 | ns | 37.2 ± 9.8 | 48.2 ± 8.8 | ns | |||
| SVA (C7S1): Sagittal vertical axis | 8.5 ± 39.2 | −22.1 ± 27.0 | ns | ||||||
| Apical vertebral wedge | 1 (14.3) | 3 (21.4) | ns | 5 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | ns | 5 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | ns |
| Apical vertebral wedging angle | 16.7 | 12.2 ± 10.0 | ns | 17.4 ± 7.1 | 14.7 ± 5.6 | ns | 17.4 ± 7.1 | 14.7 ± 5.6 | ns |
| Growth hormone | 7 (100) | 12 (85.7) | ns | ||||||
| Hypocephalus | 3 (42.9) | 2 (14.3) | ns | ||||||
| Foramen magnum decompression | 2 (28.6) | 1 (7.1) | ns | ||||||
| Brace treatment | 3 (42.9) | 1 (7.1) | ns | ||||||
| 5 y (n=7) with TLK at 3 y | 5 y (n=14) without TLK at 3 y | P value | 7-10 y (n=5) with TLK at 3 y | 7-10 y (n=9) without TLK at 3 y | P value | 11–18 y (n=2) with TLK at 3 y | 11–18 y (n=4) without TLK at 3 y | P value | |
| 7.3 ± 7.5 | 9.9 ± 6.5 | ns | 6.2 ± 10.7 | 6.3 ± 8.7 | ns | 12.3 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 6.8 | ns | |
| 18.5 ± 12.1 | 30.8 ± 10.1 | <0.05 | 15.0 ± 11.8 | 26.6 ± 9.3 | ns | 26.7 ± 5.6 | 22.5 ± 3.2 | ns | |
| 38.2 ± 15.3 | 5.7 ± 3.7 | <0.01 | 54.7 ± 17.9 | 6.0 ± 4.7 | <0.01 | 68.4 ± 9.5 | 4.9 ± 2.6 | <0.01 | |
| 43.8 ± 19.3 | 57.8 ± 10.5 | <0.05 | 46.7 ± 22.6 | 55.8 ± 8.3 | ns | 64.9 ± 14.4 | 46.1 ± 16.3 | ns | |
| 43.8 ± 13.1 | 54.7 ± 11.8 | ns | 50.4 ± 16.4 | 57.7 ± 12.8 | ns | 62.2 ± 20.7 | 55.9 ± 17.5 | ns | |
| 8.4 ± 6.0 | 10.8 ± 8.1 | ns | 13.3 ± 10.0 | 12.0 ± 8.3 | ns | 23.4 ± 7.1 | 14.8 ± 10.7 | ns | |
| 35.4 ± 14.5 | 43.9 ± 8.3 | ns | 37.1 ± 11.0 | 45.7 ± 8.5 | ns | 38.8 ± 13.6 | 41.1 ± 8.4 | ns | |
| 4.5 ± 36.6 | -27.6 ± 30.0 | <0.05 | 5.2 ± 53.2 | -14.6 ± 38.8 | ns | 36.0 ± 33.9 | 7.2 ± 47.0 | ns | |
| 5 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | ns | 5 (100) | 3 (33.3) | ns | 2 (100) | 1 (25) | ns | |
| 22.3 ± 9.9 | 13.5 ± 8.1 | ns | 23.1 ± 11.0 | 12.6 ± 9.7 | ns | 34.5 | 10.7 | ns |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage) of patients.
ns; not significant.