Table 3.
Implicated metabolites on the basis of multiple modeling approaches
| Metabolite | Pathway | Subpathway | Approaches Implicated | Versus CKD Cause | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | P | ||||
| FSGS (n=63, 56 metabolites) | |||||
| Palmitoyl-arachidonoyl- glycerol (16:0/20:4) | Lipid | Diacylglycerol | LR, XGB | 11.74 | 0.00089 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:1, d18:2/18:0) | Lipid | Sphingomyelins | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 46.87 | 0.0019 |
| 1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2- arachidonoyl-GPC (P-16:0/ 20:4) | Lipid | Plasmalogen | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 34.94 | 0.0036 |
| 1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2- palmitoyl-GPC (P-16:0/16:0) | Lipid | Plasmalogen | LR, SVM, RF | 50.76 | 0.0039 |
| Glycosyl ceramide (d18:2/ 24:1, d18:1/24:2) | Lipid | Hexosylceramides | LR, SVM | 29.24 | 0.0054 |
| 1-Arachidonoyl-GPI (20:4) | Lipid | Lysophospholipid | LR, RF, XGB | 93.58 | 0.0057 |
| 6-Bromotryptophan | Amino acid | Tryptophan | LR, RF | 0.10 | 0.017 |
| OU (n=122, 43 metabolites) | |||||
| Transurocanate | Amino acid | Histidine | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 27.41 | 5.30×10−05 |
| Imidazole propionate | Amino acid | Histidine | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 26.52 | 8.00×10−05 |
| N-acetylkynurenine | Amino acid | Tryptophan | LR, SVM, XGB | 0.037 | 0.00024 |
| A/D/H (n=109, 69 metabolites) | |||||
| Ceramide (d18:1/20:0, d16:1/ 22:0, d20:1/18:0) | Lipid | Ceramides | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 95.17 | 3.46×10−05 |
| N-δ-acetylornithine | Amino acid | Urea cycle; arginine and proline | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 8.40 | 0.0082 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:2/24:2) | Lipid | Sphingomyelins | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 0.11 | 0.0090 |
| Citramalate | Amino acid | Glutamate metabolism | 4.84 | 0.0091 | |
| Cysteine sulfinic acid | Amino acid | Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine | RF, XGB | 0.16 | 0.061 |
| RN (n=86, 78 metabolites) | |||||
| Dimethylglycine | Amino acid | Glycine, serine, and threonine | LR, SVM | 62.66 | 5.29×10−05 |
| Indolepropionate | Amino acid | Tryptophan | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 179.75 | 0.00017 |
| Heptanoate (7:0) | Lipid | Medium chain fatty acid | LR, SVM | 24.08 | 0.00091 |
| 4-Vinylphenol sulfate | Xenobiotics | Benzoate | LR, SVM, RF, XGB | 12.05 | 0.0024 |
Significant metabolites are reported for each CKD cause. Fully adjusted odds ratios are reported to indicated association direction. Notably, FSGS is associated with multiple lipid metabolites, involving the sphingomyelin and plasmalogen subpathways. OU is uniquely associated with histidine metabolites. A/D/H is associated with both amino acid and lipid metabolites, notably sharing a sphingomyelin metabolite signal with FSGS.