Table 4.
Metabolite pathway enrichment analysis
| Subpathway | N Significant | N Total | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| FSGS, 122 metabolites, 24 subpathways | |||
| Endocannabinoid | 7 | 10 | 5.52×10−06 |
| Hexosylceramides | 6 | 8 | 8.12×10−06 |
| Ceramides | 6 | 11 | 0.000228 |
| Plasmalogen | 7 | 15 | 4.14×10−04 |
| Vitamin A | 3 | 7 | 0.01 |
| Tryptophan | 7 | 23 | 0.011 |
| OU, 104 metabolites, 23 subpathways | |||
| Phosphatidylserine | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Vitamin B6 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| γ-Glutamyl amino acid | 12 | 18 | 3.91×10−09 |
| Leucine, isoleucine, valine | 11 | 31 | 1.27×10−04 |
| Pentose | 4 | 7 | 4.50×10−04 |
| Glutamate | 5 | 14 | 0.004 |
| Fructose, mannose, and galactose | 2 | 4 | 0.0067 |
| Histidine | 5 | 16 | 0.0087 |
| Pyrimidine, cytidines | 2 | 5 | 0.015 |
| TCA cycle | 3 | 9 | 0.017 |
| Tocopherol | 2 | 12 | 0.018 |
| A/D/H, 69 metabolites, 15 subpathways | |||
| Fructose, mannose, and galactose | 3 | 4 | 4.16×10−05 |
| Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate | 2 | 5 | 4.68×10−05 |
| Diacylglycerol | 8 | 25 | 7.04×10−05 |
| Ceramides | 5 | 11 | 8.16×10−05 |
| Androgenic steroids | 7 | 24 | 3.45×10−04 |
| Fatty acid, acyl glycine | 2 | 5 | 4.68×10−04 |
| Lactosylceramides | 2 | 3 | 5.29×10−04 |
| TCA cycle | 3 | 9 | 0.0038 |
| Urea cycle, arginine, and proline | 4 | 22 | 0.028 |
| RN, 57 metabolites, 17 subpathways | |||
| Vitamin A | 3 | 7 | 5.69×10−04 |
| γ-Glutamyl amino acid | 4 | 18 | 5.20×10−03 |
| Benzoate | 2 | 7 | 8.50×10−03 |
| Pentose | 2 | 7 | 0.0085 |
| Urea cycle, arginine, and proline | 4 | 22 | 0.012 |
| Tryptophan | 4 | 23 | 0.016 |
| Medium chain fatty acid | 2 | 9 | 0.018 |
Candidate metabolite panels associated with each CKD cause were generated by selecting among all 842 metabolites in fully adjusted LR analyses (P<0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the hypergeometric distribution test. We report number of metabolites in each panel associated with CKD cause and the number of subpathways in which >1 metabolite was included in the candidate panel. We report significantly enriched subpathways on the basis of BH-FDR<0.05 determined by the number of subpathways tested.