Table 3.

Results of univariate analyses for risk factors associated with POUR.

	Urethral catheter-free intraoperative management			Preoperatively placed urethral catheter
	OR	95%-CI	p	OR	95%-CI	p
Sex	1.33	0.41–4.37	0.64	1.12	0.48–2.61	0.56
Age	0.99	0.96–1.04	0.93	1.06	0.97–1.16	0.17
ASA physical status classification system
ASA I⁎⁎	Ref.			–	–	–
ASA II	0.23	0.02–2.59	0.24	Ref.
ASA III	0.56	0.14–2.19	0.4	0.12	0.01–1.08	0.06
Urological relevant secondary diagnosis*	2.42	0.62–9.54	0.21	2.93	0.48–18	0.15
Nocturia	0.9	0.48–1.69	0.74	0.83	0.36–1.89	0.65
IPSS: Total IPSS score	0.97	0.84–1.11	0.62	0.97	0.81–1.17	0.76
IPSS: QoL due to urinary symptoms	1.02	0.6–1.73	0.95	0.51	0.18–1.45	0.21
Post void residual prior surgery	0.99	0.96–1.03	0.74	1.01	0.99–1.03	0.07
Prostate volume†	1.01	0.95–1.01	0.8	1.02	0.96–1.07	0.56
Surgical level
Cervical⁎⁎	Ref.			Ref.
Lumbo-thoracic	4.62	0.38–55.51	0.23	3.5	0.59–20.81	0.17
Lumbo-sacral	0.33	0.04–2.96	0.32	0	0	0.99
Surgery duration	1.02	1.00–1.03	0.01	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.66
Perioperative intravenous infusion	1	1–1.01	0.04	1	0.99–1.01	0.41
Surgery-related adverse events	1.21	0.2–7.4	0.83	1.17	0.62–2.11	0.43

POUR=postoperative urinary retention; ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists; IPSS=International Prostate Symptom Score; QoL=Quality of Life; OR=Odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.

^⁎Urological relevant secondary diagnosis included hysterectomy, colpo-sacropexy, diabetes, polyneuropathy, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and colectomy.

^⁎⁎Used reference value for categorial variables.

^†Male patients only.