Table A5.
Predictors for satisfaction.
| Comorbidity | Significant predictors | Ref. | Not significant predictors | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities, Comorbidity measures (CM) | Worse Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS, 0-56) associated with dissatisfaction (very/somewhat, 4-point scale) at 6 months: adjusted (adj.) beta 0.08 (p=0.03) | 4.2 [38] | Univariate, <5 comorbidities: no association with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years | 21.1 [40] |
| Less overall comorbidity associated with satisfaction at 2 years: univariate significant (sign.) Spearman correlation (r=0.23) | 4.1 [27] | Univariate, comorbid illnesses not associated with satisfaction with current state (delighted/pleased/mostly satisfied, 7-point scale) at 10 years | 3 [74] | |
| Logistic regression (log.), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA, range 1-6) class and number of comorbidities: no association with less satisfaction (very/somewhat dissatisfied, 4-point scale) at a mean of 3.5 years | 44.1 [99] | |||
| Age | <75 years associated with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years: adj. odds ratio (OR) 4.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35 to 12.02) | 21.1 [40] | Univariate: no association with satisfaction with current state (delighted/pleased/mostly satisfied, 7-point scale) at 10 years | 3 [74] |
| Younger age associated with dissatisfaction (surgery total failure/condition slightly improved, 7-point scale) at 3 months: adj. OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) | 21.2 [43] | Univariate: no association with satisfaction at 2 years | 4.1 [27] | |
| Multivariate: no association with dissatisfaction (very/somewhat, 4-point scale) at 6 months | 4.2 [38] | |||
| Multivariate: no association with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year | 36 [42] | |||
| Log. regression, older age: no association with less satisfaction (very/somewhat dissatisfied, 4-point scale) at a mean of 3.5 years | 44.1 [99] | |||
| <80 versus (vs.) ≥80 years: older age not associated with less satisfaction after surgery | 20.6 [20] | |||
| Previous spine surgery | No previous lumbar operation associated with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years: adj. OR 3.65 (95% CI 1.13 to 11.79) | 21.1 [40] | - | - |
| Symptom duration | Duration of leg pain >2 years associated with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year, adj. OR 2.46 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.97) | 36 [42] | Univariate, length of current episode >6 months: no association with satisfaction with current state (delighted/pleased/mostly satisfied, 7-point scale) at 10 years | 3 [74] |
| Multivariate, duration of back pain (<3 or 3-12 months or 1-2 or >2 years): no association with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year | Bivariate, pain <1 year (reference) vs. >1 year: no association with satisfaction | 9 [77] | ||
| Body weight | Compared to normal weight, obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30) associated with dissatisfaction (unsatisfied/uncertain with surgery, 3-point scale) at 2 years: adj. OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.19) | 33 [92] | Log. regression: no association with satisfaction (very/somewhat, 4-point scale) at a mean of 3.5 years | 44.1 [99] |
| Multivariate: no association with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year | 36 [42] | |||
| Univariate, BMI <30: no association with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years | 21.1 [40] | |||
| BMI <24.9 vs. 25-29.9 vs. ≥30: obesity not associated with dissatisfaction (very/somewhat, 4-point scale) at a mean of 3.7 years | 44.2 [57] | |||
| BMI <30 vs. ≥30 to <35 vs. ≥35, surgical/non-surgical group: obesity not associated with dissatisfaction at 4 years | 2.4 [41] | |||
| Diabetes | Significant difference in satisfaction (very/somewhat satisfied, 4-point scale) between patients with/without diabetes at a mean of 3.4 years: diabetes: 53%, no-diabetes: 78% (p=0.0067) | 44.5 [39] | Univariate, type 2: no association with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years | 21.1 [40] |
| Smoking | Smoking associated with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year: adj. OR 1.61 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.17) | 36 [42] | Univariate, never smoking: no association with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years | 21.1 [40] |
| Smoking associated with dissatisfaction at 2 years: adj. OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.12) | 34 [44] | Multivariate, cigarette use (current or quit in <6 months): no association with satisfaction with current state (delighted/pleased/mostly satisfied, 7-point scale) at 10 years | 3 [74] | |
| Cardiovascular disease | Less cardiovascular comorbidity associated with satisfaction at 2 years: adj. beta 3.7 (p=0.0002) | 4.1 [27] | Multivariate, cardiac disease: no association with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year | 36 [42] |
| Neurologic disease | Neurological disease associated with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year: adj. OR 2.05 (95% CI 1.00 to 4.20) | 36 [42] | - | - |
| Rheumatologic disease | - | - | Univariate, no comorbidity affecting walking: no association with satisfaction (totally cured/condition has considerably improved, 7-point scale) at 2 years | 21.1 [40] |
| Univariate, less musculoskeletal comorbidity: no association with satisfaction at 2 years | 4.1 [27] | |||
| Psychiatric disease | Depression associated with dissatisfaction (surgery total failure/condition slightly improved, 7-point scale) at 3 months: adj. OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34) | 21.2 [43] | Multivariate, depression: no association with dissatisfaction (very/somewhat, 4-point scale) at 6 months | 4.2 [38] |
| Better mental health (3-item depression scale) associated univariate significant (Spearman correlation r=0.25), multivariate not significant with satisfaction at 2 years | 4.1 [27] | |||
| Cancer | Cancer disease associated with dissatisfaction (3-point scale) at 1 year: adj. OR 3.75 (95% CI 1.58 to 8.89) | 36 [42] | - | - |