Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Data
| Total [n=119] | Female [n=62] | Male [n=57] | p | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age at PET, y | 65.5 ± 9.4 | 64.2 ± 9.8 | 67.0 ± 8.8 | .11 | d=0.30 |
| Age of Onset, y | 60.4 ± 9.0 [n=111] | 59.2 ± 9.4 [n=57] | 61.7 ± 8.6 [n=54] | .14 | d=0.28 |
| Education, y | 16.9 ± 2.7 | 16.8 ± 2.8 | 17.0 ± 2.6 | .63 | d=0.09 |
| Race (% White) | 96% [n=116] | 92% [n=60] | 100% [n=56] | .06 | φ=0.21 |
| Ethnicity (% Hispanic or Latino) | 2% [n=113] | 2% [n=58] | 2% [n=55] | >.99 | φ<0.01 |
| APOE4+ (%) | 60% [n=115] | 58% [n=59] | 63% [n=56] | .59 | φ=0.05 |
| APOE2+ (%) | 3% [n=115] | 3% [n=59] | 2% [n=56] | >.99 | φ=0.05 |
| APOE4 Homozygotes (%) | 14% [n=115] | 14% [n=59] | 14% [n=56] | .91 | φ=0.01 |
| MMSE, /30 | 21.9 ± 5.7 | 21.8 ± 6.0 | 21.9 ± 5.3 | .93 | d=0.02 |
| MCI (%) | 58% | 58% | 58% | .99 | φ<0.01 |
| CDR-SoB, /18 | 4.0 ± 2.2 | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 2.5 | .60 | d=0.10 |
| Individual Episodic Memory Tests | - | - | - | - | - |
| CVLT 4-Trial Immediate Free Recall, /36 | 17.5 ± 6.5 [n=116] | 17.8 ± 6.7 [n=61] | 17.2 ± 6.2 [n=55] | .65 | d=0.08 |
| CVLT 30-sec Delay, /9 | 3.7 ± 2.6 [n=116] | 3.7 ± 2.5 [n=61] | 3.7 ± 2.7 [n=55] | >.99 | d<0.01 |
| CVLT 10-min Delay, /9 | 2.4 ± 2.7 [n=116] | 2.3 ± 2.7 [n=61] | 2.6 ± 2.8 [n=55] | .45 | d=0.14 |
| CVLT Recognition Discrimination Index, d’ | 1.7 ± 1.0 [n=114] | 1.7 ± 0.9 [n=60] | 1.8 ± 1.1 [n=54] | .58 | d=0.10 |
| Benson Complex Figure Recall 10-min delay, /17 | 4.8 ± 4.0 [n=114] | 4.2 ± 3.5 [n=60] | 5.6 ± 4.4 [n=54] | .06 | d=0.36 |
| Episodic Memory Composite (within-group Z-score) | 0.0 ± 0.8 [n=118] | −0.1 ± 0.8 [n=61] | 0.1 ± 0.9 [n=57] | .21 | d=0.23 |
| Episodic Memory Composite (age- and sex-adjusted Z-score) | −2.9 ± 1.6 [n=118] | −3.5 ± 1.5 [n=61] | −2.2 ± 1.3 [n=57] | <.001 | d=0.92 |
| TIV (L) | 1.54 ± 0.18 | 1.42 ± 0.10 | 1.67 ± 0.16 | <.001 | d=1.9 |
All continuous numerical data are presented as mean ± SD [subgroup]. Student’s t-test evaluated group differences in continuous data. Fisher’s exact test (race, ethnicity, APOE2+) or a chi-squared test (APOE4+, APOE4 homozygotes, MCI) evaluated group differences in categorical data. Accordingly, effect size was assessed via Cohen’s d or φ coefficient. MCI indicates whether patients were considered MCI as opposed to dementia. APOE4+ indicates an ε4 carrier (homozygous or heterozygous) while APOE2+ indicates an ε2 carrier. Race indicates the patient’s self-reported race, while ethnicity indicates whether the patient reported being of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (having origins from a primarily Spanish-speaking country in Latin America).
MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment, CDR-SoB = Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test, TIV = Total Intracranial Volume