TABLE 1.

Current FDA‐ and EMA‐approved pharmacological treatments for alcohol and substance use disorders

SUD	FDA and EMA approved	Reference
Alcohol (AUD)	Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, nalmefene (only EMA‐approved)	Kranzler & Soyka, 2018
Cocaine (CUD)	No approved medications	Kampman, 2019
Stimulants	No approved medications	Lee et al., 2018
Opioids (OUD)	Opioid agonist therapy: methadone and buprenorphine, naltrexone, supervised injectable heroin (few countries)	Wang et al., 2019; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2012
Nicotine	Bupropion, varenicline	Prochaska & Benowitz, 2016
	Nicotine replacement therapies: lozenges, patch, gum, spray, inhaler

Abbreviations: AUD, alcohol use disorder; CUD, cocaine use disorder; EMA, European Medicines Agency; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; OUD, opioid use disorder; SUD, substance use disorder.