. 2021 Aug 4;179(4):727–742. doi: 10.1111/bph.15611

TABLE 1.

Expression and effects of the GLP‐1 receptor in gastrointestinal tissues and cells

	Mucosa and submucosa	Population size	Submucosal plexuses ^b	Myenteric plexuses ^a ^, ^b	Physiological effects
Gastric: forestomach	ø ^a ^, ^b		ø	ø	ø
Gastric: corpus	Parietal cells ^a Chief cells ^a Mucous neck cells ^a ^, ^b	+ ++ ++	ø	*	^h,rGastric emptying↓ ^h,pAcid secretion↓ ^h,rFood intake↓ ^rStomach protection↑ ^rSomatosatin↑ ^rGastrin↓
Gastric: antrum	Mucous cells ^a	++	ø	*	^pMotility↓
Duodenum	Enteroendocrine cells ^a ^, ^b Intraepithelial lymphocytes ^a ^, ^b Lamina propria lymphocytes ^b Brunner glands ^a ^, ^b	+++ +++ +	ø	*	^h,rMotility↓ ^rIntestinal protection↑ ^rMucus secretion↑ ^r5‐HT – ^rSecretin – ^rSomatostatin↑ ^h,rPYY↓
Jejunum	Enteroendocrine cells ^a Intraepithelial lymphocytes ^a Lamina propria lymphocytes ^b	++ ++ +	*	**	^r5‐HT – ^rSecretin – ^rSomatostatin↑ ^h,rPYY↓
Distal ileum	Enteroendocrine cells ^a ^, ^b * Intraepithelial lymphocytes ^a Lamina propria lymphocytes ^b	+ + +	**	***
Caecum	ø ^b		*	*
Proximal colon	Enteroendocrine cells ^b * Intraepithelial lymphocytes ^b Lamina propria lymphocytes ^b	+ + +	**	***	^rIntestinal protection↑ ^rRegulate microbiota ^rMotility↓ ^rIntestinal growth↑
Distal colon	ø ^a ^, ^b		ø	**	^rIntestinal protection↑ ^rRegulate microbiota ^rMotility↓ ^rIntestinal growth↑

Note: +, few; ++, moderate number; +++, numerous; ø, no expression; *, minor GLP‐1 receptor expression; ** moderate GLP‐1 receptor expression; ***, strong GLP‐1 receptor expression; superscript h, effects in humans; superscript r, effects in rodents; superscript p, effects in pigs; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; –, unknown effects.

^{^a}

Anderson et al. (2021).

^{^b}

KV Grundahl et al., submitted