Table 1:
Demographics, Clinical Findings and CNN CXR Characteristics per Cohort
| Characteristicsa | Ambulatory (N = 814) | Hospitalized (N = 485) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 50.8 (16.2) | 56.3 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.554 | ||
| Male | 389 (47.8%) | 240 (49.5%) | |
| Female | 425 (52.2%) | 245 (50.5%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White | 562 (69%) | 27 (5.6%) | |
| Black | 65 (8%) | 234 (48.2%) | |
| Hispanic | 124 (15.2%) | 220 (45.4%) | |
| Asian | 63 (7.7%) | 4 (0.8%) | |
| Language preference | <0.001 | ||
| English | 745 (91.5%) | 360 (74.2%) | |
| Non-English | 69 (8.5%) | 125 (25.8%) | |
| SDI, mean (SD) | 31.1 (25.7) | 88.5 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.8 (7.08) * | 32.2 (10.1) | 0.089 |
| Vascular disease diagnosis (EHR HCC-108) | 72 (8.8%) | 105 (21.6%) | <0.001 |
| Patients without any HCC codes | 455 (56%) | 88 (18%) | |
| DL model predictions using frontal CXR | |||
| Predicted age, mean (SD) | 54.2 (13.6) | 60.7 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Vascular disease (HCC-108) probability output, mean (SD)b | 0.254 (0.231) | 0.413 (0.212) | <0.001 |
a
Data are given as number (percentage) for each group, unless otherwise specified.
b
Normalized probability from 0 to 1 of vascular disease output by the DL classifier.
*
14 participants did not have a recorded BMI in the ambulatory cohort.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, CNN = convolutional neural network, CXR = chest radiograph, DL = deep learning, EHR = electronic health record, SD = standard deviation, SDI = social deprivation index.