Table 1.

Enzymes involved in the epigenetic control of pubertal development

Gene target	Stage of puberty	Regulator enzyme	Enzyme function	Associated epigenetic mark	Effect
PcG (Cbx7 and Eed promoters)	Pubertal	DNMT	Writer	CpG methylation	Activation of Kiss1
Kiss1 promoter	Prepubertal	PcG (Eed and Cbx7)	Writer	H3K27me3	Repression of Kiss1
		GATAD1	Reader	H3K4me2
		KDM1	Eraser	H3K4me2
		SIRT1	Eraser	H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H3K56ac and
				H4K16ac
	Pubertal	MLL1	Writer	H3K4me3	Activation of Kiss1
		HAT	Writer	H3K9ac and H3K14ac
Kiss1 enhancer	Pubertal	MLL3	Writer	H3K4me3	Activation of Kiss1
		P300/CBP	Writer	H3K27ac
Zeb1/GnRH and Cebpb	Pubertal	DICER	miRNA processing	miR-200 and miR-155	Activation of GnRH
GnRH	Prepubertal	DNMT	Writer	CpG methylation	Repression of GnRH

The target genes of epigenetic regulation during pubertal development, the main responsible epigenetic enzymes, their function, the associated epigenetic mark, and their effect on pubertal development that have been described to date. Adapted and modified from Toro et al. [2018] and Vazquez et al.