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. 2021 Aug 6;183(1):34–44. doi: 10.1159/000517948

Table 6.

The ORs and 95% CI of risk factors associated with AR

OR 95% CI
p value
lower upper
Gender, male 1.608 1.426 1.814 <0.001
City
 Wuhan 1
 Huangshi 0.719 0.581 0.890 0.002
 Xiangyang 0.305 0.233 0.399 <0.001
 Jingmen 0.699 0.544 0.899 0.005
 Tianmen 0.330 0.226 0.483 <0.001
Family history 4.732 4.192 5.341 <0.001
Food allergy 1.899 1.597 2.258 <0.001
Drug allergy 1.265 1.038 1.542 0.020
Air purifier 1.394 1.223 1.589 <0.001
Exposure to dust 2.294 1.932 2.723 <0.001
Residence before 2 years old
 Rural area 1
 Town 2.047 1.583 2.648 <0.001
 Urban area 2.196 1.702 2.832 <0.001
Daily outdoor time
 <1 h 1
 1–2 h 0.848 0.743 0.968 0.015
 >2 h 0.864 0.712 1.049 0.140
Daily sleeping time
 <8 h 1
 8–9 h 0.752 0.603 0.939 0.012
 >9 h 0.736 0.558 0.970 0.029
Maternal age
 ≤25 1
 26–35 1.208 1.040 1.403 0.013
 ≥36 1.217 0.910 1.628 0.185
Siblings 0.878 0.776 0.994 0.040
Breastfeeding (for >6 months) 0.767 0.678 0.868 <0.001
Antibiotics given in the first year of life 1.632 1.196 2.226 0.002
Usage of antibiotics during the past 5 years, times/year
 <1 1
 1–2 1.757 1.510 2.046 <0.001
 3–4 2.568 2.110 3.125 <0.001
 5–6 3.397 2.497 4.622 <0.001
 >7 2.501 1.583 3.953 <0.001

AR, allergic rhinitis.