Table 3.
Function | Influenza virus gene segment | H5N1a | H5N3b | H5N3c | H5N3d | KNU18–91 | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enhanced replication efficiency / virulence | PB2 | Ms28I | M | M | M | M | M | [24, 25] |
A274T | A | A | A | A | A | [24] | ||
R318K | R | R | R | R | R | [26, 27] | ||
R/Q355K | R | R | R | R | R | [26, 28, 29] | ||
Q368R | R | R | R1 | R | R2 | [24, 30, 31] | ||
E391Q | E | E | E | E | E | |||
H447Q | Q | Q | Q1 | Q | Q2 | |||
K526R | K | K | K | K | K | [24] | ||
M535L | M | M | M | M | M | [32] | ||
I553V | I | I | I | I | I | [24] | ||
Q591K | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | [33] | ||
E627K | E | E | E | E | E | [34] | ||
D701N | D | D | D | D | D | [35] | ||
S714R | S | S | S | S | S | [36] | ||
|
||||||||
PB1 | D/A3V | V | V | V1 | V | V2 | [30, 31] | |
L13P | P | P | P1 | P | P2 | [36] | ||
M/V317I | V | M | M | M | M | [28, 29] | ||
K328N | N | N | N1 | N | N2 | [30, 31] | ||
S678N | S | S | S | S | S | [36] | ||
|
||||||||
PB1-F2 | N66S | N | N | N | N* | S2 | [23] | |
87–90 amino acids in length | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | [37] | ||
|
||||||||
PA | S37A | A | A | A1 | A | A2 | [38] | |
V127I/A | V | V | V | V | V | [27] | ||
S149P | S | S | S | S | S | [24] | ||
L336M | L | L | L | L | L | [27] | ||
A343T | S | A | A | A | A | [39] | ||
K356R | K | K | K | K | K | [40] | ||
I357K | T | T | T | T | T | [24] | ||
S/A515T | T | T | T1 | T | T2 | |||
K615N | K | K | K | K | K | [36] | ||
|
||||||||
HA | A/I/P/S/T86V | A | V1 | I* | V2 | [27] | ||
N/D124S | D | N | N | N | ||||
Q/H/I138L/N | Q | N1 | N | N2 | ||||
N/K189S/R/D/E | K | K | K | K | [41] | |||
K212E/R/G | K | E1 | E | E2 | [27] | |||
A263T | T | A | A | A | ||||
N376T | G | G | G | G | [42] | |||
|
||||||||
NP | K470R | K | K | K | K | K | [43] | |
|
||||||||
NA | 49–68 deletion | Deletion 49–62 | No deletion | No deletion | No deletion | No deletion | [44] | |
E119K/D | R | R | R | R | R | [45] | ||
R143K | K | K | K1 | K | K2 | [46] | ||
G147E | G | G | G | G | G | |||
T223I | I | I | I1 | I | I2 | [28, 29] | ||
H275Y | Y | Q | Q | Q | Q | [47] | ||
|
||||||||
NS1 | M31I | P | P | P | P | P | [48] | |
A/P42S | S | S | S1 | S* | A | [27] | ||
G45R | G | G | G | G | G | [49] | ||
D74N | D | D | D | D | D | [50] | ||
Amino acids 80–4 deletion2 | Deletion | No deletion | No deletion | No deletion | No deletion | [51] | ||
D87E | S | S | S | S* | P | [52] | ||
T/D92E | E | D | D | D | D | [27, 29] | ||
L98F | M | M | M | M* | I | [53] | ||
I101M | D | D | D | D* | E | |||
T/D/V/R/A127N | T | T | N1 | N* | R | [27] | ||
D/G189N | D | D | D | D | D | |||
S195T/Y | S | S | S | S | S | [27, 48] | ||
S228P | S | S | S | S* | Q | [27] | ||
PDZ domain (X-S/T-X-V at positions 222–225) | LARA | MART | MART | MART | WRDE | [54] | ||
| ||||||||
Enhanced binding to α2,6 | HA | N182K (186 in H3) | N | N | N | N | [55] | |
V210I (214 in H3) | V | V | V | V | [56] | |||
Q222L (226 in H3) | Q | Q | Q | Q | [57] | |||
S223N (227 in H3) | S | S | S | S | [58] | |||
G224S (228 in H3) | G | G | G | G | [57] | |||
N154D, N220K, Q222L, T315I (158, 224, 226, 318 in H3) | X, N, Q, T | N, N, Q, T | N, N, Q, T | N, N, Q, T | [59] | |||
| ||||||||
Reduced susceptibility to NA inhibitors | NA | V96A (116 in N2) | V | V | V | V | V | [60] |
I97V (117 in N2) | I | T | T | T | T | [61] | ||
E99A/G (119 in N2) | E | E | E | E | E | [62] | ||
Q116L (136 in N2) | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | [63] | ||
V129A (149 in N2) | V | I | I | I | I | [64] | ||
D179G (198 in N2) | P | N | N | N | N | [65] | ||
I203M (222 in N2) | N | D | D | D | D | |||
S227N (246 in N2) | P | P | P | P | P | [60] | ||
H255Y (274 in N2) | Y | I | I | I | I | [62] | ||
N275S (294 in N2) | N | N | N | N | N | |||
I97V + I294V (117+314 in N2) | I, I | T, T | T, T | T,T | T, T | [66] | ||
K130N + I203L + S227N (150+222+246 in N2) | K, N, P | K, N, P | K, N, P | K, N, P | K, N, P | [60] | ||
| ||||||||
Reduced susceptibility to adamantanes | M2 | V27A | I | V | V | V | V | [67] |
A30S | A | A | A | A | A | [68, 69] | ||
S31N | S | N | S | S | S | [70] |
PB, polymerase basic; PA, polymerase acidic; HA, hemagglutinin; NP, nucleoprotein; NA, neuraminidase; M2, matrix 2, NS, nonstructural; AIVs, avian influenza viruses.
A/chicken/Nigeria/15VIR339–2/2015 (H5N1) (HPAI).
A/goose/Taiwan/01042/2015(H5N3) (HPAI).
A/aquatic bird/South Korea/sw007/2015(H5N3).
SBD/Korea/KNU SYG06/06 (H5N3) (LPAI).
Mutation site of KNU18–91 isolate related to enhanced adaptation in mammals.
Mutation site of A/aquatic bird/South Korea/sw007/2015(related to enhanced adaptation in mammals.
Different mutation between KNU18–91 and SBD/Korea/KNU SYG06/06 (H5N3).