Table 1. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of the juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
| Parameters | JSLE patients (n = 60) | Longitudinal follow-up JSLE patients (n = 34) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | Active group | Inactive group | |
| Age, years | 12.15 (9.95–14.45) | 12.33 (9.89–14.53) | 12.64 (10.34–15.04) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 53 (88.33) | 29 (85.29) | |
| SLEDAI-2K | 12 (6.00–18.00) | 10 (6.00–16.25) | 0 (0.00–2.00) |
| C3, g/L | 0.62 (0.33–0.86) | 0.65 (0.40–0.86) | 1.07 (0.96–1.32) |
| C4, g/L | 0.09 (0.04–0.14) | 0.10 (0.04–0.14) | 0.19 (0.15–0.24) |
| ESR, mm/h | 62 (41.25–82.75) | 52 (27.00–71.00) | 19.50 (10.00–30.00) |
| Anti-dsDNA positivity, n (%) | 44 (73.33) | 22 (64.71) | 3 (8.82) |
| WBC (×109/L) | 5.23 (3.54–8.75) | 5.15 (3.61–8.17) | 7.75 (5.15–10.25) |
| ALC (×109/L) | 1.36 (0.74–1.92) | 1.42 (0.91–2.02) | 1.73 (1.20–2.78) |
| Hematocrit (%) | 32.30 (27.18–37.5) | 33.80 (29.05–38.93) | 39 (37.70–41.83) |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 215.50 (140.50–312.50) | 222.00 (141.50–313.25) | 287.00 (243.50–323.00) |
| DCT positivity, n (%) | 24 (40) | 13 (38.24) | 4 (11.76) |
| Clinical manifestations, n (%) | |||
| Fever | 19 (31.67) | 9 (26.47) | 0 (0) |
| Mucosal ulcer | 28 (46.67) | 14 (41.18) | 0 (0) |
| Skin involvement | 37 (61.67) | 20 (58.82) | 0 (0) |
| Alopecia | 13 (21.67) | 7 (20.59) | 0 (0) |
| Arthritis | 12 (20) | 8 (23.53) | 0 (0) |
| Serositis | 11 (18.33) | 4 (11.76) | 0 (0) |
| Neuropsychiatric lupus | 7 (11.67) | 3 (8.82) | 0 (0) |
| Lupus nephritis | 17 (28.33) | 5 (14.71) | 0 (0) |
| Vasculitis | 10 (16.67) | 5 (14.71) | 0 (0) |
| AIHA | 18 (30) | 8 (23.53) | 0 (0) |
| Medications | |||
| Prednisolone, n (%) | 38 (63.33) | 19 (55.88) | 34 (100) |
| Prednisolone dose (mg/kg/day) | 0.87 (0.38–1.38) | 0.73 (0.36–1.37) | 0.26 (0.16–0.39) |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 18 (30) | 8 (23.53) | 33 (97.06) |
| Azathioprine, n (%) | 4 (6.67) | 1 (2.94) | 6 (17.65) |
| MMF, n (%) | 3 (5) | 1 (2.94) | 3 (8.82) |
| Cyclophosphamide, n (%) | 4 (6.67) | 1 (2.94) | 11 (32.35) |
| IVIG, n (%) | 1 (1.67) | 1 (2.94) | 0 (0) |
| None, n (%) | 21 (35) | 15 (44.12) | 0 (0) |
Data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile). JSLE, juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI-2K, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; WBC, white blood cells; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; DCT, direct Coombs test; MMF, Mycophenolate mofetil; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.