Table 3. Estimated intent-to-treat effects on primary outcomes at endline, by study arm.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V-only endline mean | VE estimate | VEH estimate | VEHW estimate | VE-VEH-VEHW pooled estimate | VE estimate: extended controls | VEH estimate: extended controls | VEHW estimate: extended controls | VE-VEH-VEHW Pooled estimate: extended controls | |
| Full sample | |||||||||
| Ever had sex (= 1) | 0.210 | -0.033 | -0.037 | -0.032 | -0.034† | -0.031 | -0.042† | -0.031 | -0.034† |
| 95% CI | [-0.08, 0.01] | [-0.08, 0.01] | [-0.08, 0.01] | [-0.07, 0.00] | [-0.08, 0.01] | [-0.09, 0.00] | [-0.08, 0.01] | [-0.07, 0.00] | |
| Ever pregnant (= 1) | 0.077 | -0.014 | 0.006 | -0.018 | -0.009 | -0.014 | 0.002 | -0.019 | -0.010 |
| 95% CI | [-0.04, 0.02] | [-0.03, 0.04] | [-0.05, 0.01] | [-0.03, 0.02] | [-0.04, 0.02] | [-0.03, 0.03] | [-0.05, 0.01] | [-0.04, 0.02] | |
| Ever given birth (= 1) | 0.066 | -0.023† | 0.007 | -0.023† | -0.013 | -0.023† | 0.002 | -0.024† | -0.015 |
| 95% CI | [-0.05, 0.00] | [-0.02, 0.04] | [-0.05, 0.00] | [-0.04, 0.01] | [-0.05, 0.00] | [-0.03, 0.03] | [-0.05, 0.00] | [-0.04, 0.01] | |
| Fertility outcomes summary index z-score | 0.000 | -0.090 | -0.035 | -0.092† | -0.072 | -0.086 | -0.048 | -0.090† | -0.075 |
| 95% CI | [-0.20, 0.02] | [-0.15, 0.08] | [-0.20, 0.01] | [-0.16, 0.02] | [-0.19, 0.02] | [-0.16, 0.07] | [-0.19, 0.01] | [-0.17, 0.02] | |
| Baseline 13–14-year-olds [n = 1,007] | |||||||||
| Ever had sex (= 1) | 0.325 | -0.082* | -0.062 | -0.063 | -0.069* | -0.085* | -0.071† | -0.061 | -0.072* |
| 95% CI | [-0.16, -0.01] | [-0.14, 0.01] | [-0.14, 0.01] | [-0.13, 0.00] | [-0.16, -0.01] | [-0.15, 0.00] | [-0.14, 0.01] | [-0.14, -0.01] | |
| Ever pregnant (= 1) | 0.118 | -0.023 | 0.016 | -0.018 | -0.008 | -0.022 | 0.013 | -0.015 | -0.008 |
| 95% CI | [-0.08, 0.03] | [-0.04, 0.07] | [-0.07, 0.04] | [-0.05, 0.04] | [-0.07, 0.03] | [-0.04, 0.07] | [-0.07, 0.04] | [-0.05, 0.04] | |
| Ever given birth (= 1) | 0.101 | -0.026 | 0.013 | -0.024 | -0.012 | -0.026 | 0.008 | -0.023 | -0.014 |
| 95% CI | [-0.07, 0.02] | [-0.04, 0.07] | [-0.07, 0.02] | [-0.05, 0.03] | [-0.07, 0.02] | [-0.04, 0.06] | [-0.07, 0.02] | [-0.05, 0.03] | |
| Fertility outcomes summary index z-score | 0.000 | -0.136† | -0.047 | -0.111 | -0.098 | -0.139† | -0.064 | -0.106 | -0.103 |
| 95% CI | [-0.29, 0.02] | [-0.22, 0.12] | [-0.27, 0.05] | [-0.23, 0.04] | [-0.30, 0.02] | [-0.23, 0.10] | [-0.26, 0.05] | [-0.23, 0.03] | |
| HSV-2 positive1 (= 1) [n = 938] | 0.204 | -0.075* | 0.029 | -0.043 | -0.029 | -0.072* | 0.033 | -0.041 | -0.026 |
| 95% CI | [-0.14, -0.01] | [-0.05, 0.10] | [-0.11, 0.03] | [-0.09, 0.03] | [-0.14, 0.00] | [-0.04, 0.11] | [-0.11, 0.03] | [-0.09, 0.03] | |
| HSV-2 incidence 2017-192 (= 1) [n = 740] | 0.091 | -0.056* | -0.007 | -0.023 | -0.029 | -0.055* | -0.005 | -0.022 | -0.028 |
| 95% CI | [-0.11, 0.00] | [-0.07, 0.05] | [-0.08, 0.03] | [-0.08, 0.02] | [-0.11, 0.00] | [-0.07, 0.05] | [-0.08, 0.04] | [-0.08, 0.02] |
Notes: Sample is N = 2,075 unless otherwise indicated. Endline means for the V-only study arm are reported in column 1 and the estimated ITT effect for each study arm relative to V-only in columns 2–4. Column 5 pools all three intervention arms with education into a single treatment indicator. Columns 6–9 report estimated ITT effects with extended controls. Numbers in square brackets indicate 95% confidence intervals. Regressions were estimated with robust standard errors and included controls for age and the outcome measured at baseline. The extended control regressions additionally control for baseline measures of: grade attainment, cognitive score, mother or father completing primary school, coresidence with both parents, household wealth quintile, and whether any missing baseline covariates were imputed using area median. 1 No baseline control for outcome variable available. 2 Among respondents who tested HSV-2 negative in 2017.
*** p<0.001,
** p<0.01,
* p<0.05,
† p<0.1.