Figure 1.

Schematic of the neurovascular unit.

The neurovascular unit is composed of neurons-glial cells-blood vessels interactions, and includes neurons, astrocytes, microglia, vascular endothelial cells, perivascular cells, basement membrane, and extracellular matrix. The model emphasizes the importance of the interconnection and mutual influence between neurons, glial cells, and the cerebrovascular system, and offers a three-dimensional environment suitable for studying neuronal damage and protective mechanisms, as well as searching for new potential targets for clinical treatment.