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. 2022 Jan 25;13:785422. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785422

Figure 4.

Figure 4

SCFA production of Megasphaera sp.XA511 and effects of Megasphaera sp. XA511 on producing proinflammatory cytokines. (A) The production of different SCFAs by Megasphaera sp.XA511 (M.sp.XA511) and other bacteria (B.thetaiotaomicron, B.vulgatus,C.ramosum, C.nexile, E.hulanensis and E.avium) were measured by GC-MS. The bacteria were grown until the Late log phase before the measurement of fatty acids in supernatants. (B) The secretion of cytokines from THP-1 and PBMCs treated with supernatant derived from Megasphaera sp.XA511 (M.sp.XA511-SN) or the heat killing (M.sp.XA511-HK) or live (M.sp.XA511-LV) fraction was determined. The one-way ANOVA analysis was used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the different bacteria and control group. NS indicates not significant (p > 0.05), whereas the asterisk indicates significant difference (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).