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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sex Transm Dis. 2022 Mar 1;49(3):244–249. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001557

Table 2:

Bivariate and multivariate analysis of characteristics associated with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) detection on home self-collection in under-screened women in North Carolina.

Characteristics Total hrHPV pos n (% positive) Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)*
Total 329 52 (16%)§§ - -

Age
 24-34 years 91 17 (19%) 1.38 (0.64-3.00) -
 35-49 years 142 21 (15%) 1.03 (0.50-2.14) -
 50-65 years 97 14 (14%) REF -
Time since last Pap smear (years)
 4-5 years ago 157 23 (15%) REF -
 6 or more years ago / Never had a Pap 151 28 (19%) 1.31 (0.72-2.41) -
 Don’t know 22 1 (5%) - -
Has a history of abnormal Pap smear(s)
 No 167 25 (15%) REF -
 Yes 135 22 (16%) 1.12 (0.60-2.08) -
 Don’t know 2 1 (50%) - -
Health insurance
 Insured (Medicaid/Medicare) 70 13 (19%) REF -
 Uninsured 260 39 (15%) 1.23 (0.64-2.57) -
Income, annual household
 $0-$9,999 103 22 (21%) 2.32(1.01-5.36) 1.93 (0.82-4.56)
 $10,000-$24,999 126 20 (16%) 1.61 (0.70-3.74) 1.59 (0.67-3.63)
 ≥$25,000 87 9 (10%) REF REF
Race/ethnicity§
 Non-Hispanic white 143 20 (40%) REF -
 Non-Hispanic black 152 25 (16%) 1.22 (0.64-2.31) -
 Hispanic 13 2 (15%) 1.12 (0.23-5.42) -
 Other** 18 5 (28%) 2.37 (0.76-7.36) -
Marital status
 Married or living with partner 81 11 (14%) REF -
 Single or never married 154 24 (16%) 1.18 (0.56-2.56) -
 Divorced, separated or widowed 92 17 (18%) 1.44 (0.63-3.29) -
Sexual orientation
 Heterosexual 300 47 (16%) REF -
 Gay/Lesbian or Bisexual 28 5 (18%) 1.17 (0.42-3.22) -
Age of first sexual intercourse
 Never had sex 2 0 - -
 <16 years 126 18 (14%) REF -
 ≥16 years 199 33 (17%) 1.20 (0.64-2.24) -
Number of sexual partners in the last year
 Never had sex 2 0 - -
 0-1 partner 250 33 (13%) REF REF
 2 or more partners 74 18 (24%) 2.15 (1.13-4.11) 2.00 (1.03-3.88)
Current smoking
 Non-smoker 189 24 (13%) REF -
 Smoker 137 28 (20%) 1.78 (0.98-3.23) -
*

Adjusted for Income, annual household and number of sexual partners in the last year

Totals may not add up to full sample size due to missing data

26 reported not having had a Pap smear in the past

§

Hispanic identification based on participant response to question “are you Hispanic or Latina?” Followed by “what is your race or ethnicity?” with self-classification options for “White,” “Black or African American” etc

**

Other races include those who identified as Asian (n=3), American Indian or Alaska Native (n=3) and more than one of the following: American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, black/African American and White (n=12).

§§

Prevalence of HPV type 16 was 1.2% (n=4), HPV type 18/45 was 1.5% (n=5) and hrHPV non-16/18/45 was 13% (n=42). 1 invalid genotyping result