Table 2.
Baseline demographic, nutritional and reproductive characteristics of study participants, overall and in lowest and highest quartiles of men’s adherence to the different dietary patterns.
| Overall | TMD | AMD | PMD | HEI | AHEI | AHA | DASH | PBD | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (0-3) | Q4 (6-9) | Q1 (0-2) | Q4 (6-9) | Q1 (17-26) | Q4 (33-41) | Q1 (39-57) | Q4 (71-88) | Q1 (21-45) | Q4 (62-85) | Q1 (15-37) | Q4 (53-74) | Q1 (10-19) | Q4 (27-35) | Q1 (22-32) | Q4 (40-57) | ||
| n | 245 | 80 | 70 | 53 | 60 | 61 | 57 | 65 | 62 | 61 | 63 | 60 | 65 | 55 | 61 | 71 | 62 |
| Male demographic characteristics | |||||||||||||||||
| Age (y) | 36 (34, 39) | 36 (34, 39) | 36 (34, 41) | 36 (34, 38) | 37 (34, 41) | 37 (35, 41)a | 36 (34, 39) | 36 (34, 39) | 36 (34, 39) | 36 (34, 39) | 37 (34, 40) | 36 (33, 38) | 38 (35, 41) | 36 (33, 38) | 36 (33, 41) | 36 (33, 40) | 37 (34, 41) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (24, 29) | 27 (26, 29) | 27 (24, 28) | 27 (26, 29) | 27 (23, 28) | 27 (26, 29) | 25 (23, 27)a | 27 (26, 29) | 27 (24, 28) | 27 (26, 30) | 27 (24, 28) | 27 (26, 29) | 26 (24, 29) | 27 (25, 30) | 25 (24, 28)a | 27 (26, 29) | 26 (24, 28) |
| Race, white | 228 (93) | 74 (30) | 64 (26) | 48 (20) | 53 (22) | 58 (24) | 51 (21) | 62 (25) | 54 (22) | 59 (24) | 56 (23) | 58 (24) | 56 (23) | 51 (21) | 55 (23) | 66 (27) | 54 (22) |
| Smoking status, ever smoker | 47 (19) | 15 (6) | 14 (6) | 9 (4) | 12 (5) | 12 (5) | 7 (3) | 13 (5) | 14 (6) | 11 (5) | 14 (6) | 8 (3) | 14 (6) | 10 (4) | 12 (5) | 10 (4) | 9 (4) |
| Education, college or higher | 213 (87) | 65 (27) | 64 (26) | 43 (18) | 55 (23) | 46 (19) | 52 (21)a | 54 (22) | 56 (23) | 48 (20) | 59 (24) | 46 (19) | 61 (25)a | 44 (18) | 57 (23) | 58 (24) | 57 (23) |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/week)b | 180 (60, 390) | 180 (56, 417) | 205 (114, 390) | 150 (42, 182) | 192 (102, 390) | 180 (42, 300) | 180 (120, 390) | 150 (17, 300) | 180 (111, 372) | 150 (42, 330) | 192 (119, 390) | 180 (48, 330) | 210 (114, 422) | 150 (17, 376) | 192 (90, 390) | 150 (44, 376) | 183 (64, 390) |
| Sexual abstinence (days) | 2.4 (1.9, 3.0) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.0) | 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) | 2.4 (1.8, 2.5) | 2.4 (2.0, 2.5) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9) | 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) | 2.4 (1.8, 2.9) | 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) | 2.4 (1.7, 2.8) | 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.0) | 2.4 (1.8, 2.5) | 2.5 (1.8, 3.4) | 2.4 (2.1, 3.0) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.0) | 2.4 (2.1, 2.7) |
| Male dietary parameters | |||||||||||||||||
| Male energy intake (kcal/day) | 1913 (1586, 2384) | 1698 (1344, 2177) | 2131 (1756, 2719)a | 1645 (1356, 2072) | 2238 (1844, 2710)a | 1943 (1496, 2534) | 2145 (1756, 2695)a | 2061 (1694, 2534) | 1921 (1630, 2258) | 1997 (1614, 2364) | 1907 (1628, 2367) | 1902 (1480, 2378) | 1935 (1683, 2284) | 1969 (1496, 2453) | 2145 (1831, 2516)a | 1718 (1409, 2063) | 2177 (1746, 2642)a |
| Male dietary patterns score | 4 (3, 6) | 3 (2, 3) | 6 (6, 7)a | 2 (1, 2) | 6 (6, 7)a | 24 (22, 25) | 34 (33, 36)a | 53 (48, 55) | 73 (71, 77)a | 40 (35, 43) | 68 (65, 72)a | 32 (28, 36) | 58 (55, 62)a | 17 (15, 18) | 29 (27, 31)a | 30 (28, 32) | 41.5 (40, 43)a |
| Female demographic characteristics | |||||||||||||||||
| Age (y) | 35 (32, 38) | 36 (32, 38) | 35 (32, 38) | 35 (32, 37) | 35 (32, 37) | 35 (32, 39) | 35 (33, 38) | 35 (33, 39) | 34 (32, 37) | 35 (32, 38) | 34 (32, 37) | 35 (32, 39) | 35 (32, 38) | 35 (32, 38) | 34 (32, 38) | 35 (32, 39) | 34 (32, 38) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 (21, 26) | 23 (22, 26) | 23 (21, 25) | 23 (22, 26) | 22 (20, 25)a | 24 (22, 28) | 23 (21, 25) | 24 (22, 27) | 23 (20, 26) | 23 (22, 27) | 22 (20, 24) | 24 (22, 27) | 22 (21, 25)a | 24 (22, 29) | 22 (21, 24)a | 24 (22, 26) | 23 (20, 25) |
| Race, white | 206 (84) | 72 (29) | 58 (24) | 44 (18) | 49 (20) | 50 (20) | 49 (20) | 56 (23) | 51 (21) | 54 (22) | 53 (22) | 53 (22) | 54 (22) | 46 (19) | 55 (23) | 57 (23) | 47 (19)a |
| Smoking status, ever smoker | 65 (27) | 21 (9) | 17 (7) | 14 (6) | 17 (7) | 18 (7) | 16 (7) | 18 (7) | 14 (6) | 17 (7) | 14 (6) | 14 (6) | 19 (8) | 14 (6) | 16 (7) | 16 (7) | 9 (4)a |
| Education, college or higher | 230 (94) | 74 (30) | 68 (28) | 50 (20) | 58 (24) | 56 (23) | 54 (22) | 60 (25) | 61 (25) | 55 (23) | 63 (26) a | 55 (23) | 63 (26) | 51 (21) | 60 (25) | 68 (28) | 60 (25) |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/week)b | 146 (30, 300) | 150 (36, 278) | 150 (30, 342) | 150 (8, 240) | 138 (27, 336) | 150 (24, 296) | 120 (0, 342) | 120 (12, 210) | 151 (24, 342) | 149 (12, 192) | 119 (30, 300) | 150 (36, 247) | 120 (30, 360) | 131 (12, 239) | 192 (30, 450) | 150 (30, 257) | 154 (12, 300) |
| Female dietary parameters | |||||||||||||||||
| Female energy intake (kcal/day) | 1694 (1390, 2007) | 1534 (1184, 1730) | 1826 (1584, 2215)a | 1507 (1144, 1708) | 1774 (1545, 2169)a | 1694 (1413, 1841) | 1708 (1505, 2043) | 1605 (1390, 1817) | 1708 (1475, 2004) | 1694 (1411, 1867) | 1742 (1487, 2181) | 1592 (1342, 1730) | 1718 (1505, 2146) | 1579 (1252, 1758) | 1828 (1584, 2225)a | 1605 (1235, 1758) | 1715 (1480, 2192) a |
| Female dietary patterns score | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 5 (4, 7)a | 2 (2, 3) | 6 (5, 7)a | 29 (26, 31) | 33 (31, 35)a | 61 (57, 68) | 71 (67, 75)a | 51 (43, 57) | 65 (59, 72)a | 45 (38, 45) | 45 (45, 59)a | 21 (18, 24) | 27 (24, 29)a | 33 (30, 36) | 37.5 (35, 41)a |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables.
a
P<0.05 for comparison of quartile 4 versus quartile 1 (reference).
b
Includes weight and aerobic exercise and sports.
Abbreviations: AHA, American Heart Association diet recommendations; AHEI, Alternate Healthy Eating Index; AMD, Alternate Mediterranean diet; ART, assisted reproductive technologies; BMI, body mass index; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; n, sample size; PBD, Plant-based diet; PMD, Panagiotakos Mediterranean diet; Q, quartile; TMD, Trichopoulou Mediterranean diet.