Table 1:
Descriptive characteristics of study participants at baseline by the occurrence of cognitive impairment [mean±SD or n (%)].
| Total Sample | Cognitive Impairment |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| No. of participants | 9,544 | 2,601 | 6,943 |
| Age(y) | 81.35 ± 10.82 | 87.89 ± 9.53 | 78.90 ± 10.24 |
| Age group | |||
| 65-79 | 4,177 (43.77) | 478 (18.38) | 3,699 (53.28) |
| 80-89 | 2,913 (30.52) | 905 (34.79) | 2,008 (28.92) |
| 90-99 | 1,790 (18.76) | 826 (31.76) | 964 (13.88) |
| ≥100 | 664 (6.96) | 392 (15.07) | 272 (3.92) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 4,605 (48.25) | 907 (34.87) | 3,698 (53.26) |
| Female | 4,939 (51.75) | 1,694 (65.13) | 3,245 (46.74) |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 1,788 (18.73) | 447 (17.19) | 1,341 (19.31) |
| Rural | 7,756 (81.27) | 2,154 (82.81) | 5,602 (80.69) |
| Marital status a | |||
| Married | 4,161 (43.60) | 681 (26.18) | 3,480 (50.12) |
| Not married | 5,371 (56.28) | 1,919 (73.78) | 3,452 (49.72) |
| Education a | |||
| Literate | 4,331 (45.38) | 729 (28.03) | 3,602 (51.88) |
| Illiterate | 5,176 (54.23) | 1,861 (71.55) | 3,315 (47.75) |
| MMSE score | 26.95 ± 3.22 | 25.59 ± 3.55 | 27.46 ± 2.92 |
| Financial support a | |||
| Independence | 3,324 (34.83) | 502 (19.30) | 2,822 (40.65) |
| Dependence | 6,217 (65.14) | 2,099 (80.70) | 4,118 (59.31) |
| Economic status a | |||
| Rich | 1,605 (16.82) | 433 (16.65) | 1,172 (16.88) |
| Average | 6,466 (67.75) | 1,695 (65.17) | 4,771 (68.72) |
| Poor | 1,447 (15.16) | 462 (17.76) | 985 (14.19) |
| Smoking status a | |||
| Current smoker | 2,149 (22.52) | 398 (15.30) | 1,751 (25.22) |
| Former smoker | 1,281 (13.42) | 271 (10.42) | 1,010 (14.55) |
| Never smoker | 6,111 (64.03) | 1,931 (74.24) | 4,180 (60.20) |
| Drinking status a | |||
| Current drinker | 2,101 (22.01) | 462 (17.76) | 1,639 (23.61) |
| Former drinker | 977 (10.24) | 255 (9.80) | 722 (10.40) |
| Never drinker | 6,457 (67.66) | 1,882 (72.36) | 4,575 (65.89) |
| Regular exercise a | |||
| Yes | 3,191 (33.43) | 714 (27.45) | 2,477 (35.68) |
| No | 6,325 (66.27) | 1,882 (72.36) | 4,443 (63.99) |
| Social and leisure activity a | |||
| Yes | 8,994 (94.24) | 2,327 (89.47) | 6,667 (96.02) |
| No | 549 (5.75) | 274 (10.53) | 275 (3.96) |
| Personality a | 15.65 ± 3.91 | 16.38 ± 3.91 | 15.38 ± 3.87 |
| Disability a | |||
| Yes | 725 (7.60) | 367 (14.11) | 358 (5.16) |
| No | 8,815 (92.36) | 2,232 (85.81) | 6,583 (94.81) |
| Chronic disease a | |||
| Yes | 4,605 (48.25) | 1,143 (43.94) | 3,462 (49.86) |
| No | 4,886 (51.19) | 1,439 (55.32) | 3,447 (49.65) |
| Geographic region | |||
| Northern China | 1,093 (11.45) | 308 (11.84) | 785 (11.31) |
| Eastern China | 3,677 (38.53) | 964 (37.06) | 2,713 (39.08) |
| Central China | 1,742 (18.25) | 456 (17.53) | 1,286 (18.52) |
| Western China | 1,026 (10.75) | 297 (11.42) | 729 (10.50) |
| Southern China | 2,006 (21.02) | 576 (22.15) | 1,430 (20.60) |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
a
Missing data: marital status (12), education (37), financial support (3), economic status (26), smoking status (3), drinking status (9), regular exercise (28), social and leisure activity (1), personality (63), disability (4), and chronic disease (53).