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. 2022 Feb 7;12:2019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05848-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Generation and characterization of NPC-derived neurospheres. (a) General workflow and approximate timeline associated with the development of neurospheres using human somatic cells as the starting material. Figure created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative phase contrast images show the appearance and morphology of NPC-derived neurospheres during the course of the two week differentiation period (weeks 12 through 14). n = 3. Scale bar = 100 µm. (c) Average diameter (µm) of NPC-derived neurospheres (two measurements per sphere) during the course of the differentiation period. n = 3 neurospheres. (d) After the two week differentiation period (weeks 12 through 14), ICC staining was carried out on differentiated, cross-sectioned neurospheres. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI. Representative images show the relative expression of NPCs (SOX2), neurons (TH), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia-like cells (IBA-1). Scale bar = 200 µm. n = 2 for ICC imaging.