Fig. 5.

Different antibody or antibody fragment-cytokine fusion proteins. a Cytokine fused to the N-terminus of the Fc domain; b Cytokine fused to the C-terminus of the Fc domain; c Cytokine fused to the C-terminus of the Fab; d Cytokine fused to the C-terminus of the scFv; e ScFv-cytokine-scFv fusion protein; f F(ab')-cytokine fusion protein; g IgG format immunocytokine without CH1 and CL; h Representative IgG format immunocykine-Bintrafusp alfa (M7824). A bifunctional antibody fusion protein composed of anti-PD-L1 human IgG1 and human TGF-βRII extracellular domain as the TGF-β trap, though a flexible glycine-serine linker fused to CH3-C terminus of IgG. Bintrafusp alfa blocks PD1-PDL1 as well as TGFR2-TGFβ signaling pathways to relieve immune suppression and remove the immune inhibition