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. 2022 Jan 25;12:786706. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.786706

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Copyright © 2022 Tye, de Vries, Wanner, Denig and Heerspink.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simulated risk marker changes and the effect on the composite kidney and cardiovascular death outcomes for the prospective EMPA-KIDNEY trial based on the selected EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial population. The shaded area indicates the 95% confidence intervals for the simulated risk marker changes. Risk prediction was estimated from short-term risk marker changes in the EMPA-KIDNEY population (N = 1222) chosen from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, and simulated values for UACR, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and body weight. The red dot indicates the PRE score predicted risk change in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial without enrichment with responders. The blue dots represent changes observed in the different proportion of responders and non-responders for each risk marker. HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; UACR, urinary-albumin-to-creatinine ratio.