Fig. (6).

Schematics of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). (A) An example of deep neural network which has three components: input layer, 2 hidden layers, and output layer. (B) Each of the predictors in input layer (red and yellow stars) is multiplied by its corresponding weights (black balls) and along with bias is input to net input function (also known as summation function). The output of the summation function is passed through the activation function (i.e., stepwise function), to determine the output of ANN. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).