FIG 5.

Addition of nitrate leads to disruption of biofilm integrity in the mature biofilm. (A) Wild-type S. Typhimurium biofilms were grown on round coverslips for 72 h at 28°C. The mature biofilms were washed and treated with 100 mM NaNO₃ for 1 to 4 h and stained with SYTO 9 (green). Red fluorescently labeled glyoxylate beads were added to the biofilm and imaged using confocal microscopy (63× oil magnification). Shown are 3D views created using ImageJ. (B) Percentage of bead trajectories in indicated bounding-box volumes (μm³) in untreated and NaNO₃-treated biofilms.